An Analysis of Pragmatic Presuppositions in The Editorial Texts

Abstract

The aim of this study were (1) to find out the presupposition triggers in editorials texts of The Jakarta Post, (2) to find out the types of presupposition in editorial text of The Jakarta Post, (3) to describe the presupposition triggers realized in the types of presupposition. The study was qualitative content analysis. The source of data was The Jakarta Post online website. The data of the study were the sentences or clause which triggered the presupposed meaning in editorials. The data were identified, analyzed, and categorized based on Yule and Levinson’s theory of Presupposition. The findings of the study showed that: (1) 13 presupposition triggers were found in the editorial texts namely: definite description, factive items, implicative verbs, change of state verbs, verb of judging, iterative items, cleft sentences, temporal clauses, comparative construction, counterfactual conditional and non-restrictive relative clause, question and nonfactive items while implicit cleft with stressed constituents was not found. (2) 6 types of presupposition were found in the editorial texts namely: existential, lexical, structural, factive, nonfactive, and counterfactual presupposition. (3)The realization of definite description trigger existential presupposition which present assumptions that someone or something is exist. The realization of cleft sentence, question, temporal clause, non restrictive relative clause, and comparative construction trigger structural presupposition which can be used to treat information as presupposed (assumed to be true) and hence to be accepted as true by the reader. The realization of factive verb trigger factive presupposition which present more information in the editorial texts as a fact to make the reader trust the information in editorial text as a fact. The realization of implicative verb, change of state verb, verb of judging, and iterative items trigger lexical presupposition which present an assumption that, in using one word, the writer of the editorial can act as if another meaning (word) will be understood by the reader. The realization of nonfactive verbs trigger nonfactive presuppositionis which present some information which is assumed not to be true. The realization of counterfactual conditional trigger counterfactual presupposition which present some information that contrary to the fact.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui pemicu peranggapan dalam teks editorial Jakarta pos, (2) untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis peranggapan dalam teks editorial Jakarta Pos, (3) untuk mendeskripsikan pemicu peranggapan yang direalisasikan dalam jenis-jenis peranggapan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis isi kualitatif. Sumber data adalah situs online Jakarta poss. Data penelitian adalah kalimat atau klausa yang memicu dugaan makna dalam editorial. Data diidentifikasi, dianalisis, dan dikategorikan berdasarkan teori peranggapan Yule dan Levinson. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) 13 pemicu peranggapan ditemukan dalam teks editorial yaitu: definite description, factive items, implicative verbs, change of state verbs, verb of judging, iterative items, cleft sentences, temporal clauses, comparative construction, counterfactual conditional and non-restrictive relative clause, question and nonfactive items sementara implicit cleft with stressed constituents tidak ditemukan. (2) 6 jenis peranggapan ditemukan dalam teks editorial yaitu: peranggapan eksistensial, leksikal, struktural, faktual, tidakfaktif, dan kontrafaktual. (3) Realisasi definite description memicu peranggapan eksistensial yang menyajikan asumsi bahwa seseorang atau sesuatu ada. Realisasi cleft sentence, question, temporal clause, non restrictive relative clause, and comparative constructionmemicu peranggapan struktural yang dapat digunakan untuk memperlakukan informasi sebagaimana dugaan (dianggap benar) dan karenanya dapat diterima sebagai benar oleh pembaca. Realisasi factive items memicu peranggapan faktual yang menyajikan lebih banyak informasi dalam teks editorial sebagai fakta untuk membuat pembaca mempercayai informasi dalam teks editorial sebagai sebuah fakta. Realisasi implicative verb, change of state verb, verb of judging, and iterative items memicu peranggapan leksikal yang mengemukakan asumsi bahwa, dengan menggunakan satu kata, penulis editorial dapat bertindak seolah-olah makna lain (kata) akan dipahami oleh pembaca. Realisasi nonfactive verb memicu peranggapan nonfaktif yang menyajikan beberapa informasi yang dianggap tidak benar. Realisasi counterfactual conditional memicu peranggapan kontrafaktual yang menghadirkan beberapa informasi yang bertentangan dengan fakta.