Analisis Kadar Timah Hitam (Pb) Darah dan Dampak Kesehatan Terhadap Polisi Lalu Lintas di Polresta Medan

Abstract

Perkembangan volume lalu lintas di perkotaan Indonesia mencapai 15% pertahun. Pertambahan kendaraan bermotor yang cepat dan tidak diimbangi penambahan panjang/lebar jalan sehingga meningkatkan pembuangan sisa pembakaran bahan bakar minyak (emisi gas) ke udara seperti timah hitam (Pb). Dampak akumulasi paparan Pb udara akan menimbulkan gejala keracunan kronis bagi masyarakat yang berada di jalan yang karena tugas dan kewajibannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan masa kerja terhadap kadar Pb dalam darah. Hubungan kadar Pb dalam darah terhadap kadar haemoglobin dan tekanan darah polisi lalu lintas yang bertugas dalam pengaturan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel adalah polisi lalu lintas yang bertugas dalam pengaturan lalu lintas di Kota Medan sebanyak 40 orang. Terhadap polisi lalu lintas diambil darah venanya sebanyak 3 mL untuk pemeriksaan kadar Pb darah dengan AAS dan pemeriksaan kadar haemoglobin serta tekanan darah. Data masa kerja Polantas diperoleh melalui kuisioner. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman s Rho dengan taraf signifikan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa polisi lalu lintas memiliki rata-rata kadar Pb darah 23.798 µg/dL dan 82,25% memiliki kadar Pb darah melebihi batas normal yaitu 10 µg/dL. Kadar rata-rata haemoglobin polisi lalu lintas adalah 14.728 gr% dan hanya 1 orang dengan kadar Hb lebih rendah dari 13 gr%. Tekanan darah diastolik rata-rata polisi lalu lintas adalah 83.750 mmHg dan 30% mempunyai tekanan diastolik lebih besar dari 90 mmHg. Hasil uji korelasi bivariat dengan spearman s Rho menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara masa kerja polisi lalu lintas terhadap kadar Pb darah (r=0,996, p=0,00). Kadar Pb darah tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kadar haemoglobin darah dan tekanan darah diastolik polisi lalu lintas.

The development of urban traffic volume in Indonesia reached 15% per year. The increased number ot motor vehicles was not balanced by increase of wide or length of road, it would increase the accumulation of gas emission containing lead (Pb) to the air. The exposure of Pb in to the air will cuase chronic poising symptoms for people who stand on the road side. This study was aimed to know the relationship between work period and blood lead level, haemoglobin level and pressure blood of traffic police in charge of traffic regulation.This was analytical deskriptive research with cross sectional study. The subjects of this study were 40 traffic police which in charge of traffic regulation. Three milliliters of blood were drawn up from the cubital vein of the subject to examine the blood lead level ( µg/dL) with Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry, to examine haemoglobin level (gr%) and pressure blood (mmHg) From the questionnaire obtained data of work period. Data were analyzed with Spearman s Rho correlation test. A p value of = 0.05 was set as a significant level. The results showed that the average of traffic polices blood lead level were 23.798 µg/dL and 82.25% had the blood lead level more than 10 µg/dL. The average of haemoglobin level 14.728 gr% and only person of them suffered anemia (haemoglobin < 13 gr%). The average of diastolic pressure blood 83.750 mmHg witch 30% of them suffered hypertension (Diastolic Pressure blood > 90 mmHg). Bivariate Spearmen s Rho corellation test result demonstrated that work period had positive corellation with blood lead level (r = 0,996 and p < 0.05). Blood lead level no correlation with haemoglobin level and diastolic pressure blood.