Korelasi Antara Kadar Timbal Darah Dengan Profil Parameter Hematologi pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

Background One of lead (Pb)’s side effects is anemia. Clinical and laboratory findings of lead exposure are similar to iron deficiency anemia. Objective To assess the correlation between blood lead levels and hematological parameters. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on June 2015 in Al-Washliyyah Timbang Deli elementary school, Medan Amplas. Subjects aged within 9 to 12 years old. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the differences between blood lead level and both hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Spearman correlation test was used to asses correlation between blood lead levels and hematological parameters. Results Out of 50 children who met criteria, one was mild anemic (Hb<11.5 μg/dL) and 49 were non-anemic (Hb>11.5 μg/dL). Based on laboratory findings, it is showed that there was significant association between hemoglobin and blood lead levels (P=0.039) and there was no significant association between MCHC and blood lead levels (P=0.133). There was a weak negative correlations between blood lead levels and MCHC (r = -0,301; P = 0.034). Conclusions There was a weak negative correlation between blood lead levels and MCHC. However there were no correlation between blood lead levels and other hematological parameters, including Hb, hematocrite, erythrocyte, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and red cells distribution width (RDW).

Latar Belakang Salah satu efek samping timbal (Pb) yang paling sering pada sistem hematologi adalah anemia. Secara klinis dan laboratorium paparan timbal memiliki gambaran yang sama dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Tujuan Menilai korelasi antara kadar timbal darah dengan parameter hematologi. Metode Dilakukan dengan studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada Juni 2015 di SD Al-Washliyyah Timbang Deli, Medan Amplas. Sampel berusia antara 9 sampai dengan 12 tahun. Data dianalisa menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis test untuk menilai hubungan masing-masing kadar hemoglobin dan kadar mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) dengan berbagai kadar timbal darah. Uji Spearman dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi antara kadar timbal darah dengan parameter hematologi. Hasil Dari 50 anak yang memenuhi kriteria, 1 anak menderita anemia ringan (Hb<11.5 μg/dL) dan 49 anak dengan non-anemia (Hb>11.5 μg/dL). Berdasarkan temuan labotarorium, menunjukkan bahwa dijumpai adanya perbedaan kadar hemoglobin diantara berbagai perbedaan kadar timbal darah yaitu P=0.039 (P<0.05) dan tidak dijumpai adanya perbedaan kadar MCHC dalam berbagai perbedaan kadar timbal darah dengan nilai P = 0.133 (P>0.05). Dijumpai korelasi lemah berpola negatif antara kadar timbal darah dengan MCHC (r = -0,301; P = 0.034). Kesimpulan Ada korelasi lemah berpola negatif antara kadar timbal darah dengan MCHC. Tidak ada korelasi antara kadar timbal darah dengan parameter hematologi lain, yaitu Hb, hematokrit, eritrosit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), dan red cells distribution width (RDW).