Analisis Rantai Pasok Kopi Arabika Gayo (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Atu Lintang Kabupaten Aceh Tengah)

Abstract

The largest production center for Gayo Arabica coffee in Aceh province is in Central Aceh District. There are variety of varieties and types of cofee planted. The method of determining the sample used is snowball sampling method and the data analysis method used descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The result showed that there were two Gayo Arabica coffee supply chain models. First, for specialty processed coffee, there are five supply chains, namely farmers, rural traders, red cherry traders, specialty processors, and coffee shop. The farmer's share value is 5.15%, the share of collecting traders is 5.25%, the share of red cherry traders is 6.25%, the share of specialty processing is 7.25%, and the coffee shop’s share is 80%. Second, for premium or conventional coffee, there are 5 (five) chains, namely farmers, rural traders, hard skin coffee traders, district traders, regency trader (cooperatives and exporters). The farmer's share value is 15%, collecting traders’ share is 47%, hard skin coffee traders’ share is 76%, regency traders’ share is 86%, the share of cooperatives and exporters is 100%. The supply chain performance of Gayo Arabica coffee has not been optimally profitable, and the marketing margin has not been profitable for supply chain actors.

Kopi Arabika Gayo terluas di Asia Tenggara yang memiliki cita rasa yang khas yang hampir 80% masyarakat berusahatani kopi. Rantai pasok kopi Arabika Gayo merupakan hal yang penting bagi Pembisnis kopi. Rantai pasok kopi Arabika Gayo perlu untuk diteliti akibat terlalu tingginya permintaan kopi sementara jumlah kopi terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alur distribusi rantai pasok kopi Arabika Gayo dan menganalisis kinerja rantai pasok kopi Arabika Gayo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode kualitatif dan metode kuantitatif, pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok dengan analisis margin pemasaran, famer’s share, analisis rasio biaya, dan keuntungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dua model rantai pasok kopi Arabika Gayo yang pertama kopi olahan specialty ada 5 (lima) rantai pasok, Petani, pengumpul kampung, pengumpul gelondong, pengolah specialty, caffee shop. Dengan nilai farmer’s share petani 5,15%, pedagang pengumpul 5,25%, pedagang pengumpul gelondong 6,25%, pengolah specialty 7.25%, dan caffee shop 80%. Sedangkan kopi premium atau konpesional ada 5 (lima) rantai. Rantai pasok, Petani, pengumpul kampung, pengumpul gabah, pengumpul kecamatan, pengumpul kabupaten (Koperasi dan Eksportir). Dengan nilai farmer’s share petani 15%, pedagang pengumpul 47%, pedagang pengumpul gabah 76%, pedagang pengumpul kecamatan 86%, koperasi dan eksportir 100%. Kopi Arabika Gayo masih panjang alur distribusinya, serta kinerja rantai pasok yang belum optimal keuntungannya, dan marjin pemasaran belum menguntungkan bagi pelaku rantai pasok.