Hubungan Antara Kadar Trace Elements Ferrum, Zinc dan Cuprum Serum dengan Kanitis Prematur

Abstract

Graying hair that occurs at earlier age is referred as premature canities. It is primarily thought caused by genetics with the interaction of any various environmental factors. Although gray hair is a loss of pigment in the hair shaft, but the common factors of premature canities can not be fully understood. Premature canities also associated with a variety of pathological conditions including vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Trace elements deficiencies causes a spectrum of clinical manifestations especially on the skin and hair. Few studies have reported the association of premature canities and trace elements serum such as iron, zinc and copper level. Trace elements have been shown play a role in melanogenesis process. Objective : To assessed the association of trace elements iron, zinc and copper serum level and premature canities. Methods : This is a correlative analytic study to assess the association of trace elements iron, zinc and copper serum level and premature canities with crosssectional designed in 31 subjects of premature canities and 31 controls. Diagnosis of premature canities based on anamnesis and clinical examination and the blood samples were collected. The characteristic of subjects were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency distribution. The Mann Whitney test used to assess the difference between trace elements of zinc and copper serum level. The t-independent test used to assess the difference between trace elements of iron serum level and the results were significant at level P<0.05. Results : In this study there was no significant correlation between trace elements ferrum and cuprum serum with premature canities (P>0.05), but there was a significant correlation between zinc serum and premature canities (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the concentration of zinc and cuprum serum levels of the premature canities group compared to the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the concentration of ferrum serum level of the premature canities group compared to the control group(P <0.05). Conclusion : There was a significant association between trace elements zinc serum level and premature canities, but there was no association were found between trace elements iron and copper serum levels and premature canities.

Latar Belakang : Rambut beruban yang terjadi pada usia lebih awal disebut sebagai kanitis prematur. Hal ini terutama dianggap disebabkan oleh genetik dengan interaksi berbagai faktor lingkungan. Meskipun beruban dipahami sebagai hilangnya pigmen pada batang rambut, namun sampai saat ini, penyebab kanitis prematur belum dapat diketahui sepenuhnya. Kanitis prematur juga dikaitkan dengan berbagai kondisi patologi termasuk defisiensi vitamin dan mineral. Defisiensi trace elements menyebabkan spektrum manifestasi klinis khususnya pada kulit dan rambut. Dari beberapa studi diketahui terdapat hubungan antara kadar ferrum, zinc dan cuprum dengan kanitis prematur dimana trace elements berperan dalam proses melanogenesis. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar ferrum, zinc dan cuprum serum dan kanitis prematur Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi analitik korelatif untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar ferrum, zinc dan cuprum serum dan kanitis prematur dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan 31 subjek kanitis prematur dan 31 kontrol. Penentuan diagnosis kanitis prematur berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis serta dilakukan pengambilan darah sampel untuk menilai kadar trace elements. Data karakteristik subjek penelitian dianalisa secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar trace elements ferrum digunakan uji Mann Whitney, untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar zinc dan cuprum serum digunakan uji t independent dan hasil dinyatakan bermakna bila nilai P<0.05 Hasil :Pada penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar ferrum serum dan kadar cuprum serum dengan kejadian kanitis prematur (nilai P>0.05), namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar zinc serum dengan kejadian kanitis prematur (nilai P <0.05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar zinc dan cuprum serum kelompok kanitis prematur dibandingkan dengan kontrol (nilai P< 0.05), namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar ferrum serum kelompok kanitis prematur dibandingkan dengan kontrol (nilai P <0.05).