Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) dan Aplikasi Sebagai Obat Kumur dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus

Abstract

Cinnamon bark has been commonly used as spicy and traditional medicine. It contains several antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and cinnamaldehide. Several studies have been done to know the antibacterial effect on bacteria such as Streptococcus in vitro. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of cinnamon ethanol extract against Streptococcus and its application as a mouthwash to inhibitthe bacteria. Cinnamon bark was macerated followed by extracted in 80% ethanol. Bacterial samples were isolated from dental plaque of patients visiting dental clinic drg. Syahdiana Waty in Medan, North Sumatra. The isolates were identified using Vitek 2 compact. Secondary metabolites were detected using previously described method. Antibacterial assay was done at extract concentration of 6.25%, 12.5%, and25%. The result showed thatalkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycoside were detected in the extract. Nine bacterial species were identified as Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, S. pluranimalium, S. pneumoniae, S. alactolyticus, Kocuria rosea, Kocuria kristinae,and Spingomonas paucimolis. It showed that the extract of Cinnamon bark significantly inhibited Streptococcus growth, and it was effective as mouthwash.

Kulit kayu manis umum digunakan sebagai bumbu dan obat tradisional karena mengandung beberapa senyawa antibakteri.Pada beberapa penelitian telah dilaporkan kemampuan senyawa antibakteri dari kulit kayu manis terhadap bakteri Streptococcus secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit kayu manis terhadap bakteri Streptococcus dan aplikasinya sebagai obat kumur. Kulit kayu manis diekstraksi secara maserasi dalam etanol 80%. Sampel bakteri diisolasi dari plak gigi responden yang mengunjungi klinik gigi drg. Syahdiana Waty di Medan, Sumatera Utara dan diidentifikasi menggunakan Vitek 2 compact. Uji antibakterimenggunakan metode Kirby Bauerpada konsentrasi ekstrak 6,25%, 12,5%, dan 25%. MIC yang diperoleh digunakan sebagai konsentrasi obat kumur. Hasil isolasi didapatkan sembilan spesies bakteri dari 40 responden yaitu Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, S. pluranimalium, S. pneumoniae, S. alactolyticus, Kocuria rosea, Kocuria kristinae, dan Spingomonas paucimolis. Ekstrak kulit kayu manis mengandung metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan glikosida. Ekstrak kulit kayu manis secara signifikan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcussecara in vivo serta efektif sebagai obat kumur dalam mengurangi populasi bakteri di rongga mulut pada konsentrasi 6.25%.