Peran Zat Pengatur Tumbuh, Oleokimia dan PEG dalam Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mempercepat Pemulihan Kulit Tanaman Karet Klon PB 260

Abstract

The study aims to : 1) find optimal combination of NAA+ and Oleochemical to accelerate bark recovery of clone PB 260, 2) find an alternative stimulant made from PEG that can increase Production at once speed up recovery bark clone of PB260. This research was conducted in experimental farm of Sungai Putih Research Institute and PTP Archipelago III Sungai Putih garden, Rubber Research Center, Deli Serdang Regency, Province of North Sumatera. The altitude is 25 m above sea level with Ultisol soil type. This research was conducted in 2 stages. The first is using Factorial Randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 repetitions. The treatment factor of NAA+ cytokinin (N) concentration had 4 treatment levels: N0 = no growth regulator (control), N1 = 50 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin), N2 = 100 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin), N3 = 150 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin). Factor of Oleochemical (O) type have 4 treatment levels: O0 = no Oleochemistry (control), O1 = palmitic acid, O2 = Oleic acid, O3 = Stearic acid. The results showed that NAA+ significantly affect the number of latex vessels, but had no significant effect on production of g/p/s, TSC, bark thickness, latex flow, blockage index, inorganic phosphate, sucrose content and Thiol level. Oleochemistry type had significantly affect on production of g/p/s, bark thickness, number of latex vessels, and production, but no significant effect on TSC, latex flow, blockage index, inorganic phosphate, sucrose and Thiol levels. Interaction of NAA+ and Oleochemical significantly affect sucrose and number of latex vessels, but did not significantly affect the production of g/p/s, TSC, bark thickness, latex flow, blockage index, inorganic phosphate, thiol levels. The second study was using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatments factor. The concentration of etephon stimulant has 4 treatment levels: S0 = no stimulant (control), S1 = formulation NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin and palmitic acid, S2 = formulation etephon 1.5% + NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin and palmitic acid, S3 = etephon 2.5% + formulation NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin and palmitic acid. PEG concentration has 2 treatment levels: P0 = No PEG and P1 = PEG 10%. The results showed that stimulant significantly affect the production of g/p/s, TSC, bark thickness, number of latex vessels and blockage index, but has no significant effect on inorganic phosphate content, sucrose content, Thiol, SOD and Peroxidase levels. PEG application has significant effect on production of g/p/s, TSC, bark thickness, number of latex vessels, blockage index, inorganic phosphate content and SOD, but has no significant effect on sucrose, Thiol and Peroxidase levels. The combination of stimulant and PEG significantly affect the production of g/p/s, TSC, bark thickness, blockage index, inorganic phosphate content, but has no significant effect on the number of latex vessels, sucrose, Thiol and SOD and Peroxidase.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk 1) Mendapatkan konsentrasi kombinasi NAA+ dan Oleokimia yang optimal untuk mempercepat pemulihan kulit pada klon PB 260. 2) Mendapatkan formulasi stimulan alternatif berbahan PEG yang dapat meningkatkan produksi sekaligus mempercepat pemulihan kulit pulihan klon PB 260. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungai Putih dan kebun PTP Nusantara III Kebun Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Ketinggian tempat 25 m di atas permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah Ultisol. Penelitian ini berlangsung dalam 2 tahapan. Penelitian tahap pertama dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode RAK Faktorial dengan 2 faktor dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor perlakuan yakni konsentrasi NAA+ sitokinin (N) memiliki 4 taraf perlakuan : N0 = tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh (kontrol), N1 = 50 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin), N2 = 100 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin), N3 = 150 ppm + 50 ppm (kinetin) dan jenis Oleokimia (O) memiliki 4 taraf perlakuan : O0 = tanpa Oleokimia (kontrol), O1 = Asam palmitat, O2 = Asam Oleat, O3 = Asam Stearat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemberian konsentrasi NAA+ berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah pembuluh lateks, tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap produksi g/p/s, TSC, tebal kulit, lama aliran lateks, indeks penyumbatan, fosfat anorganik, kadar sukrosa dan kadar Thiol. Jenis Oleokimia berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi g/p/s, tebal kulit, jumlah pembuluh lateks, dan produksi, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap TSC, lama aliran lateks, indeks penyumbatan, fosfat anorganik, kadar sukrosa dan kadar Thiol. Interaksi konsentrasi NAA+ dan jenis Oleokimia berpengaruh nyata terhadap sukrosa dan jumlah pembuluh lateks, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi g/p/s, TSC, tebal kulit, lama aliran lateks, indeks penyumbatan, fosfat anorganik, kadar thiol. Untuk penelitian tahap kedua dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan faktor perlakuan konsentrasi stimulan etefon memiliki 4 taraf perlakuan : S0 = tanpa stimulan (kontrol), S1 = formulasi NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin dan asam palmitat, S2 = Etefon 1,5% + Formulasi NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin dan asam palmitat, S3 = Etefon 2,5% + Formulasi NAA 100 ppm + 50 kinetin dan asam palmitat dan konsentrasi PEG memiliki 2 taraf perlakuan : P0 = Tanpa PEG, P1 = PEG 10 %. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stimulan berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi g/p/s, TSC, tebal kulit, jumlah pembuluh lateks dan indeks penyumbatan, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar fosfat anorganik, kadar sukrosa, kadar Thiol, SOD dan Peroksidase. Aplikasi PEG juga dapat mendorong peningkatan produksi g/p/s, TSC, tebal kulit, jumlah pembuluh lateks, indeks penyumbatan, kadar fosfat anorganik dan SOD, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar sukrosa, kadar Thiol dan Peroksidase. Kombinasi pemberian stimulan dan PEG berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi g/p/s, TSC, tebal kulit, indeks penyumbatan, kadar fosfat anorganik, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah pembuluh lateks, kadar sukrosa, kadar Thiol dan enzim SOD dan Peroksidase.