Model Pengukuran Kinerja Rantai Pasok Agroindustri Markisa Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Berkelanjutan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Sustainable supply chain can be achieved by taking into account three pillars of sustainable development, namely, economy, social, and environment. Passion fruit agro-industry supply chain actors consist of farmers, collectors, agro-industries, and retailers. This study aims at identifying factors affecting the passion fruit agro-industry supply chain performance for sustainable micro, small, and medium enterprisesand designing a supply chain performance measurement model of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises passion fruit agro-industry with system dynamics. This research used a survey method through observations, in-depth interviews, and expert opinions.Datawere processed using a combination of the hard system (system dynamics analysis) and soft system (expert opinions). The feedback structure along the passion fruit syrup agro-industry system was modeled in a causal loop diagram using system dynamics through version 10 of Powersim Studio software. It was then translated into a stock-flow diagram as the implementation of the simulation model. The model was verified using a computerized statistical analysis Absolute Means Error technique. To formulate recommendations and development strategy scenarios for sustainable Micro Small and Medium Enterprises passion fruit agro-industry supply chain, a system approach method was used and expected to produce an effective and operational decision in accordance with the objectives previously set. The results of variables identification that affect the performance of the supply chain of passion fruit agro-industry of sustainable small and medium enterprises are obtained through expert judgment and the scoring is done using Analytical Hierarchy Proces. It is obtained 7 key variables with highest score of 16 other variables. Also, it is used to design supply chain scenarios of passion fruit agro-industry for sustainable small and medium enterprises.The result from simulation get The behavior of the sustainable passion fruit agro-industry supply chain model took the form of positive growth and the error rate of 7.43. Developing a sustainable Micro Small and Micro Enterprises Passion Fruit Agroindustry Supply Chain can be carried out with a moderate strategy by developing: 1) pattern of good relationships among the actors, 2) gradual increase in the availability of raw materials, 3) environmental support capability, 4) gradual increase of profits, 5) moderate skills, 6) employment opportunities, and 7) land availability.

Rantai pasok berkelanjutan dapat dicapai dengan memperhatikan tiga aspek yang menjadi pilar pembangunan berkelanjutan yaitu, ekonomi, sosial dan ekologi. Pelaku rantai pasok agroindustri markisa terdiri dari petani, pengepul, agroindustri dan retailer. Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang model pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok agroindustri markisa Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) berkelanjutan berbasis sistem dinamik. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan pendapat pakar. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan perpaduan antara hard system (analisis system dinamics) dan soft system (pendapat pakar). Struktur umpan balik disepanjang sistem agroindustri sirup markisa dimodelkan dalam causal loop diagram menggunakan sistem dinamik melalui perangkat lunak Powersim studio versi 10, kemudian diterjemahkan kedalam bentuk stock flow diagram sebagai implementasi model simulasi. Hasil identifikasi variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja rantai pasok agroindustri markisa usaha kecil menengah berkelanjutan diperoleh melalui expert judgment dan dilakukan pembobotan dengan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) diperoleh 7 variabel kunci yang memiliki bobot tertinggi dari 16 variabel lainnya sekaligus digunakan untuk merancang skenario rantai pasok Agroindustri Markisa Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) berkelanjutan. Model diverifikasi dengan menggunakan Absolute Means Error (AME). Hasil simulasi prilaku model berbentuk growth positif dan tingkat error (kesalahan) sebesar 7,43. Untuk merumuskan skenario kinerja rantai pasok agroindustri markisa Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) berkelanjutan digunakan metode pendekatan sistem yang diharapkan akan menghasilkan suatu keputusan yang efektif dan operasional sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Skenario rantai pasok agroindustri markisa usaha mikro kecil dan menengah berkelanjutan terpilih skenario moderat dengan membangun pola hubungan antar pelaku yang baik, ketersediaan bahan baku meningkat bertahap, daya dukung lingkungan mendukung, tingkat keuntungan meningkat bertahap, pekerja memiliki skill cukup, kesempatan kerja ada dan ketersediaan lahan cukup memadai.