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dc.contributor.advisorAmbarita, Himsar
dc.contributor.advisorNapitupulu, Farel H
dc.contributor.authorSembiring, Jesayas
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-28T03:18:47Z
dc.date.available2020-01-28T03:18:47Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/23185
dc.description.abstractHot water is the main human need for various purposes, such as, drinking, taking bath, washing cooking sets from fats, and filling boiler. In general, hot water is obtained by boiling water using fossil fuels which can cause air pollution. Along with the world population growth, there is a rise in fossil fuel consumption which is depleted day by day. For the safety and comfort of life in the future, it is wise if the solar energy, the renewable energy, is used. Solar energy is clean, continuous, free, and eternal. Indonesia which is located in the equator is shined by the sun all day. Because of that, solar energy can be used as alternative energy to heat the water in the future. Considering that hot water is very important for humans, it is necessary to do a research on the collector efficiency using R-134a refrigerant as working fluid at pressure of 90 psi, 100 psi, and 110 psi by using one and two glass cover for collector.The research was conducted from 8 a.m to 3 p.m for 5 days from March 15, 2016 to April 5, 2016 in an open space of the 4th floor of Mechanical Engineering Master Program building, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara with collector slope of 30 degrees east. Solar heating water system with heat pipes operates refering to the method of heat exchange based on natural convection of working fluid R-134a refrigerant which is volatile by thermosifon effect that can circulate naturally and continuously due to the difference in density between hot and cold working fluids R134a refrigerant. It was implemented in three stages test, namely: the first stage was using collector with two glass covers for two days, the second stage was using collector with one glass cover for two days, and the third stage was using collector with two glass covers for one day. The working fluid pressures of R134a refrigerant apllied at that time were: 90 psi for the first heat pipe, 100 psi for the second heat pipe, and 110 psi for the third heat pipe.The test result showed that the highest water temperature was achieved when the two glass covers were used for collector. This is a phenomenon, that the use of two glass covers for the collector is better to resist the heat energy of solar radiation transferred to the working fluid R134a refrigerant inside the heat pipes. The water temperature is directly proportional to the amount of glass cover for the collector and the working fluid pressure of R134a refrigerant. Based on the result of the whole study, this thesis offers eight conclusions. First, the collector efficiency with one glass cover at pressure of 90 psi is 9.13 n%; second, the the collector efficiency with one glass cover at pressure of 100 psi is 15,90%; third, the the collector efficiency with one glass cover at pressure of 110 psi is 17,77%; fourth, the the collector efficiency with two glass covers at pressure of 90 psi is 15.50%; fifth, the collector efficiency with two glass covers at pressure of 100 psi is 28.24%; sixth, the collector efficiency with two glass covers at pressure of 110 psi is 35,49%; seventh, the best collector efficiency with one glass cover is 17.77% at a pressure of 110 psi; and eighth, the best collector efficiency with two glass covers is 35,49% at pressure of 110 psi. Using two glass covers for the collector is better than one glass.en_US
dc.description.abstractAir panas merupakan kebutuhkan utama manusia untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain untuk air minum, air mandi, mencuci alat rumah tangga yang berlemak dan air pengisi ketel uap. Pada umumnya air panas didapat dengan merebus air menggunakan bahan bakar fosil, membakar bahan bakar fosil dapat menimbulkan polusi udara. Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk Dunia, terjadi peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar fosil, sementara persediaan bahan bakar fosil semakin menipis suatu saat akan habis. Untuk keamanan dan kenyamanan hidup di masa depan, perlu disikapi dengan bijak yaitu pemanfaatan energi terbarukan tenaga matahari. Tenaga matahari adalah energi bersih, kontiniu, gratis dan tidak dapat habis. Negara Indonesia terletak di daerah khatulistiwa akan disinari matahari sepanjang hari, maka tenaga matahari dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi energi alternatif untuk memanaskan air dimasa depan. Mengingat air panas sangat penting bagi manusia, maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efisiensi kolektor menggunakan fluida kerja refrigeran R-134a pada tekanan 90 psi, 100 psi dan 110 psi dengan satu dan dua kaca penutup kolektor. Penelitian dilakukan di Lantai Empat Gedung Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara di ruang terbuka dimulai pukul 08.00 – 15.00 WIB selama 5 hari dari tanggal 15 Maret 2016 sampai 5 April 2016 dengan kemiringan kolektor 30 derajat mengarah ke Timur. Pemanas air tenaga matahari sistim pipa panas beroperasi mengacu pada metode pertukaran panas berdasarkan konveksi alami yaitu fluida kerja refrigeran R134a yang mudah menguap dengan efek termosifon dapat bersirkulasi terus menerus secara alami akibat perbedaan massa jenis antara fluida kerja refrigeran R134a yang panas dan dingin. Pelaksanaan pengujian tiga tahap yaitu tahap pertama dua kaca penutup kolektor selama dua hari, tahap kedua dengan satu kaca penutup kolektor selama dua hari dan tahap ketiga dua kaca penutup kolektor selama satu hari. Saat pengujian variasi tekanan fluida kerja refrigeran R134a yang dibuat adalah: 90 psi di pipa panas satu, 100 psi di pipa panas dua dan 110 psi di pipa panas tiga. Dari hasil pengujian didapat bahwa temperatur air tertinggi dicapai saat penutup kolektor dipakai dua kaca. Hal ini merupakan sebuah fenomena, bahwa penggunaan dua kaca penutup kolektor mempunyai kemampuan lebih baik untuk menahan energi panas radiasi matahari yang akan ditransfer ke fluida kerja refrigerant R134a yang berada didalam pipa-pipa panas. Temperatur air berbanding lurus dengan jumlah kaca penutup kolektor dan tekanan fluida kerja refrigeran R134a. Berdasarkan hasil kajian secara keseluruhan, tesis ini menawarkan delapan sebagai kesimpulan. Pertama, Efisiensi kolektor satu kaca penutup pada tekanan 90 psi adalah 9,13 n%; kedua, Efisiensi kolektor satu kaca penutup tekanan: 100 psi adalah 15,90 %; ketiga, Efisisiensi kolektor satu kaca penutup tekanan: 110 psi adalah 17,77 %; keempat, Efisiensi kolektor dua kaca penutup tekanan: 90 psi adalah 15,50 %; kelima, Efisiensi kolektor dua kaca penutup tekanan: 100 psi adalah 28,24%; keenam, Efisiensi kolektor dua kaca penutup tekanan: 110 psi adalah 35,49%; ketujuh, Efisiensi kolektor terbaik satu kaca penutup: 17,77% pada tekanan 110 psi; kedelapan, Efisiensi kolektor terbaik dua kaca penutup: 35,49% pada tekanan 110 psi. Menggunakan dua buah kaca penutup kolektor lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hanya sebuah kaca penutup kolektor.en_US
dc.language.isoiden_US
dc.publisherUniversitas Sumatera Utaraen_US
dc.subjectTenaga Mataharien_US
dc.subjectRefrigeran 134aen_US
dc.subjectPipa Panasen_US
dc.subjectKaca Penutupen_US
dc.subjectEfisiensi Kolektoren_US
dc.titleKajian Unjuk Kerja Pemanas Air Tenaga Matahari Sistim Pipa Panas Menggunakan Fluiida Kerja Refrigeran R-134 aen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.identifier.nimNIM117015002
dc.description.pages167 Halamanen_US
dc.description.typeTesis Magisteren_US


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