dc.description.abstract | Hot water is the main human need for various purposes, such as, drinking, taking
bath, washing cooking sets from fats, and filling boiler. In general, hot water is
obtained by boiling water using fossil fuels which can cause air pollution. Along
with the world population growth, there is a rise in fossil fuel consumption which is
depleted day by day. For the safety and comfort of life in the future, it is wise if the
solar energy, the renewable energy, is used. Solar energy is clean, continuous, free,
and eternal. Indonesia which is located in the equator is shined by the sun all day.
Because of that, solar energy can be used as alternative energy to heat the water in
the future. Considering that hot water is very important for humans, it is necessary to
do a research on the collector efficiency using R-134a refrigerant as working fluid at
pressure of 90 psi, 100 psi, and 110 psi by using one and two glass cover for
collector.The research was conducted from 8 a.m to 3 p.m for 5 days from March 15,
2016 to April 5, 2016 in an open space of the 4th floor of Mechanical Engineering
Master Program building, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara with
collector slope of 30 degrees east. Solar heating water system with heat pipes
operates refering to the method of heat exchange based on natural convection of
working fluid R-134a refrigerant which is volatile by thermosifon effect that can
circulate naturally and continuously due to the difference in density between hot and
cold working fluids R134a refrigerant. It was implemented in three stages test,
namely: the first stage was using collector with two glass covers for two days, the
second stage was using collector with one glass cover for two days, and the third
stage was using collector with two glass covers for one day. The working fluid
pressures of R134a refrigerant apllied at that time were: 90 psi for the first heat pipe,
100 psi for the second heat pipe, and 110 psi for the third heat pipe.The test result
showed that the highest water temperature was achieved when the two glass covers
were used for collector. This is a phenomenon, that the use of two glass covers for
the collector is better to resist the heat energy of solar radiation transferred to the
working fluid R134a refrigerant inside the heat pipes. The water temperature is
directly proportional to the amount of glass cover for the collector and the working
fluid pressure of R134a refrigerant. Based on the result of the whole study, this thesis
offers eight conclusions. First, the collector efficiency with one glass cover at
pressure of 90 psi is 9.13 n%; second, the the collector efficiency with one glass
cover at pressure of 100 psi is 15,90%; third, the the collector efficiency with one
glass cover at pressure of 110 psi is 17,77%; fourth, the the collector efficiency with
two glass covers at pressure of 90 psi is 15.50%; fifth, the collector efficiency with
two glass covers at pressure of 100 psi is 28.24%; sixth, the collector efficiency with
two glass covers at pressure of 110 psi is 35,49%; seventh, the best collector
efficiency with one glass cover is 17.77% at a pressure of 110 psi; and eighth, the
best collector efficiency with two glass covers is 35,49% at pressure of 110 psi.
Using two glass covers for the collector is better than one glass. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Air panas merupakan kebutuhkan utama manusia untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain
untuk air minum, air mandi, mencuci alat rumah tangga yang berlemak dan air pengisi
ketel uap. Pada umumnya air panas didapat dengan merebus air menggunakan bahan
bakar fosil, membakar bahan bakar fosil dapat menimbulkan polusi udara. Seiring dengan
pertambahan jumlah penduduk Dunia, terjadi peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar fosil,
sementara persediaan bahan bakar fosil semakin menipis suatu saat akan habis. Untuk
keamanan dan kenyamanan hidup di masa depan, perlu disikapi dengan bijak yaitu
pemanfaatan energi terbarukan tenaga matahari. Tenaga matahari adalah energi bersih,
kontiniu, gratis dan tidak dapat habis. Negara Indonesia terletak di daerah khatulistiwa
akan disinari matahari sepanjang hari, maka tenaga matahari dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi
energi alternatif untuk memanaskan air dimasa depan. Mengingat air panas sangat penting
bagi manusia, maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efisiensi kolektor
menggunakan fluida kerja refrigeran R-134a pada tekanan 90 psi, 100 psi dan 110 psi
dengan satu dan dua kaca penutup kolektor. Penelitian dilakukan di Lantai Empat Gedung
Program Studi Magister Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara di
ruang terbuka dimulai pukul 08.00 – 15.00 WIB selama 5 hari dari tanggal 15 Maret 2016
sampai 5 April 2016 dengan kemiringan kolektor 30 derajat mengarah ke Timur.
Pemanas air tenaga matahari sistim pipa panas beroperasi mengacu pada metode
pertukaran panas berdasarkan konveksi alami yaitu fluida kerja refrigeran R134a yang
mudah menguap dengan efek termosifon dapat bersirkulasi terus menerus secara alami
akibat perbedaan massa jenis antara fluida kerja refrigeran R134a yang panas dan dingin.
Pelaksanaan pengujian tiga tahap yaitu tahap pertama dua kaca penutup kolektor selama
dua hari, tahap kedua dengan satu kaca penutup kolektor selama dua hari dan tahap ketiga
dua kaca penutup kolektor selama satu hari. Saat pengujian variasi tekanan fluida kerja
refrigeran R134a yang dibuat adalah: 90 psi di pipa panas satu, 100 psi di pipa panas dua
dan 110 psi di pipa panas tiga. Dari hasil pengujian didapat bahwa temperatur air tertinggi
dicapai saat penutup kolektor dipakai dua kaca. Hal ini merupakan sebuah fenomena,
bahwa penggunaan dua kaca penutup kolektor mempunyai kemampuan lebih baik untuk
menahan energi panas radiasi matahari yang akan ditransfer ke fluida kerja refrigerant
R134a yang berada didalam pipa-pipa panas. Temperatur air berbanding lurus dengan
jumlah kaca penutup kolektor dan tekanan fluida kerja refrigeran R134a. Berdasarkan
hasil kajian secara keseluruhan, tesis ini menawarkan delapan sebagai kesimpulan.
Pertama, Efisiensi kolektor satu kaca penutup pada tekanan 90 psi adalah 9,13 n%; kedua,
Efisiensi kolektor satu kaca penutup tekanan: 100 psi adalah 15,90 %; ketiga, Efisisiensi
kolektor satu kaca penutup tekanan: 110 psi adalah 17,77 %; keempat, Efisiensi kolektor
dua kaca penutup tekanan: 90 psi adalah 15,50 %; kelima, Efisiensi kolektor dua kaca
penutup tekanan: 100 psi adalah 28,24%; keenam, Efisiensi kolektor dua kaca penutup
tekanan: 110 psi adalah 35,49%; ketujuh, Efisiensi kolektor terbaik satu kaca penutup:
17,77% pada tekanan 110 psi; kedelapan, Efisiensi kolektor terbaik dua kaca penutup:
35,49% pada tekanan 110 psi. Menggunakan dua buah kaca penutup kolektor lebih baik
dibandingkan dengan hanya sebuah kaca penutup kolektor. | en_US |