| dc.description.abstract | Penelitian dilakukan atas tiga tahapan kegiatan yaitu tahapan pertama (penelitian-I) merupakan percobaan inkubasi dari aplikasi bahan amelioran yang terdiri dari dolomit, batu an fosfat dan tanah mineral pada media tanam gambut di polibag, tahapan kedua (penelitian-II) merupakan percobaan aplikasi bahan amelioran yang sama terhadap perbaikan sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit di pembibitan utama, penelitian I dan II dilakukan secara bersamaan dan tahapan ketiga (penelitian-III) bertujuan untuk melihat penga ruh ameliorasi (dolomit, batuan fosfat dan tanah mineral) dan pemupukan terhadap pertum buhan dan peningkatan produktivitas kelapa sawit di lahan gambut. Penelitian I dan II dila kukan di Kelurahan Sijambi Kecamatan Datuk Bandar Kota Tanjungbalai, sedang penelitian III di laksanakan di kebun PT. Grahadura, desa Sukarame Baru, Kecamatan Kualuhhulu-Aek Kanopan, Kabupaten Labuhan.atu Utara-Sumatera Utara.
Penelitian I dan II menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non Faktorial, terdiri dari tiga ulangan dengan sembilan perlakuan kombinasi jenis dan dosis bahan ameli oran yang terdiri dari dolomit, batuan fosfat dan tanah mineral yang sama, yaitu pemberian dolomit, dibagi 3 taraf yaitu: D1=0,45 kg.polibag-1; D2=0,90 kg.polibag-1; dan D3=1,35 kg .polibag-1; pemberian batuan fosfat dibagi 3 taraf yaitu: F1=0,45 kg.polibag-1; F2= 90 kg. polibag-1; dan F3=1,35 kg.polibag-1; serta pemberian tanah mineral, juga dibagi 3 taraf yaitu: M1=0,45 kg.polibag-1; M2=0,90 kg.polibag-1; dan M3=1,35 kg.polibag-1. Penelitian I bertuju an untuk melihat pengaruh bahan amelioran yang diinkubasi, terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah media tanam gambut, sedang penelitian II bertujuan untuk melihat respon pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit di pembibitan utama dan perubahan sifat kimia tanah terhadap pemberian bahan amelioran. Sedang penelitian tahap III disusun dengan menggunakan Ranca ngan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian jenis dan dosis bahan amelioran dibagi atas sembilan macam kombinasi perlakuan yaitu: pemberian dolomit dengan sandi: D1= 14 kg.phn-1 (2 ton.ha-1thn-1); D2= 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1); D3= 42 kg.phn-1 (6 tont.ha-1thn-1); pemberian batuan fosfat dengan kode: F1= 14 kg.phn-1 (2 ton.ha-1thn-1); F2= 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1), F3= 42 kg.phn-1 (6 ton.ha-1thn-1); dan pemberian tanah mineral dengan kode: M1= 14 kg. phn-1 (2 ton.ha-1thn-1); M2= 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1); dan M3= 42 kg.phn-1 (6 ton.ha-1thn-1). Sedang faktor kedua adalah aplikasi paket pemupukan dibagi atas 3 macam, yaitu: P1= pa ket pemupukan Pusat Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan; P2=paket pemupukan Tek nologi Masukan Rendah (TMR), dan P3= paket pemupukan Kebun PT.Grahadura (PTG), se hingga diperoleh 27 kombinasi perlakuan.
Hasil penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pemberian ketiga jenis dan dosis bahan amelioran (dolomit, batuan fosfat, dan tanah mineral) beragam, untuk dosis 1,35 kg. dolomit.polibag-1 (D3) tertinggi meningkatkan pH-tanah, K-dd, Ca-dd dan Mg-dd, sedang dosis 1,35 kg.batuan fosfat.polibag-1 (F3) tertingggi meningkatkan kadar P-tersedia, semen tara pemberian tanah mineral dosis 0,90-1,35 kg.polibag-1 (M2-M3) tertingggi meningkatkan KTK-tanah. Hasil penelitian II menunjukkan bahwa pemberian (dolomit, batuan fosfat dan tanah mineral) secara umum juga beragam untuk semua umur pengamatan. Pemberian dolomit do sis 0,90-1,35 kg.polibag-1 (D2 dan D3) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit dan jumlah daun; sedang untuk pemberian batuan fosfat dan tanah mineral dosis yang sama 0,90-1,35 kg.polibag-1 (F2;F3 dan M2; M3) selain mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi bibit dan jumlah daun bibit juga diameter bibit. Pemberian ketiga jenis dan dosis bahan amelioran juga dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah media tanam gambut setelah pelaksanaan pembibitan utama berakhir bila dibandingkan dengan analisis tanah awal, meliputi pH tanah, N-total, P-tersedia, KTK tanah dan kation basa meliputi K,dd, Ca-dd dan Mg-dd. Hasil analisis tanah ter tinggi untuk pH terdapat pada pemberian dolomit dosis 0,90-1,35 kg.polibag-1 (D2 dan D3); N terdapat pemberian dolomit dosis 0,45-0,90 kg.polibag-1 (D1 dan D2) dan pemberian batu an fosfat dosis 0,45 kg.polibag-1 (F1); P-tersedia tertinggi pada pemberian batuan fosfat untuk semua dosis (F1;F2 dan F3); sedang untuk K, Ca, Mg dan KTK tertinggi terdapat pada pem berian dolomit dosis 1,35 kg.polibag-1 (D3). Pemberian ketiga jenis dan dosis bahan amelio ran tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan terhadap kadar hara N,K,Ca dan Mg daun bibit kelapa sawit, kecuali P. Kadar hara K dan Mg tertinggi pada pemberian tanah mineral dosis 1,35 kg.polibag-1 (M3), kadar Ca tertinggi pada pemberian dolomit dan batuan fosfat dosis 90-1,35 kg.polibag-1 (D2;D3 dan F2; F3), sementara untuk kadar N merata untuk semua pemberain bahan amelioran. Hasil penelitian III menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pemupukan Teknologi Masukan Rendah (TMR/P2) dosis 3,25 kg.phn-1thn-1 disertai pemberian tanah mineral dosis 42 kg.phn-1 (6 ton.ha-1thn-1/M2) [M2P2], dan bersamaan dengan batuan fosfat dosis 14 kg.phn-1 (2 ton.ha-1thn-1/F1) [F1P2] dan dolomit dosis 42 kg.phn-1 (6 ton.ha-1thn-1/D3) [D3P2] berpenga ruh terhadap kadar hara K, Ca, dan Mg daun kelapa sawit umur 14 tahun di lahan gambut. Pemberian interaksi reaktan (pemupukan dan bahan amelioran) tidak berpengaruh nyata ter hadap kadar hara P, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap kadar hara N daun secara mandiri, baik pem berian pemupukan (P) maupun bahan amelioran (A). Kadar hara N daun tertinggi terdapat pada pemupukan PPKS dosis 6,25 kg.phn-1ha-1 (P1) yaitu 2,78 %, sedang pada bahan ameli oran terdapat pada pemberian dolo mit 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1/F2) yaitu 2,95 %. Produksi TBS kelapa sawit varietas D x P Marihat umur 14 tahun di lahan gambut sub grup Typic Haplosaprist tertinggi terdapat pada pemberian batuan fosfat dosis 42 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1/F3) yaitu 38,34 ton TBS.ha-1thn-1 (rataan 3,20 ton.TBS.ha-1). Sedang untuk paket pemupukan terbaik/tertinggi terdapat pada pemberian paket pemupukan PPKS (P1) dosis 6,2 5 kg-1phn-1 terdiri dari (1,50 kg urea; 1,50 kg TSP; 2,00 kg MoP; 1,25 kg kieserit) yaitu 37,36 ton TBS.ha-1thn-1 (rataan 3,11 ton TBS.ha-1). Sedang untuk interaksinya tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang nyata, namun hasilnya cenderung yang terbaik terdapat pada pem berian batuan fosfat disertai paket pemupukan PPKS [F3P1]. Untuk panjang pelepah dan jumlah anak daun tertinggi terdapat pada interaksi pemberian tanah mineral dosis 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1/M2) disertai dengan paket pemupukan PPKS/P1 dosis 6,25 kg. phn-1thn-1 (1,50 kg urea; 1,50 kg TSP; 2,00 kg MoP dan 1,25 kg kieserit) [M2P1] yaitu 5,73 m dan untuk jumlah anak daun yaitu 317,67 helai. Untuk jumlah pelepah dan rataan berat tandan tertinggi terdapat pada pemberian tanah mineral secara tunggal dosis 28 kg.phn-1 (4 ton.ha-1thn-1/M2) yaitu 42,93 pelepah dan rataan berat tandan (M2) yaitu 30,56 kg.phn-1. Sedang untuk jumlah tandan terbanyak terdapat pada pemberian batuan fosfat secara tunggal dosis 42 kg. phn-1 (6 ton.ha-1thn-1/F3) yaitu 1,11 tandan. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage (research-I) is an incu bation experiment of ameliorant materials including dolomite, rock phosphate and mineral soil on peat planting media in polybags. The second stage (research-II) is an experimental application of ameliorant material to improve soil chemical properties and vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. Research I and II were conducted simultaneously. The third stage (research-III) aims to determine the effect of amelioration (dolomite, rock phosphate and mineral soil) and fertilization on the growth and productivity of oil palm in peatlands. Research I and II were conducted in Sijambi Village, Datuk Bandar Subdistrict, Tanjungbalai City, while Research III was carried out in Grahadura Company, Sukarame Baru Village, Kualuhhulu-Aek Kanopan Subdistrict, Labuhanbatu Utara District, North Sumatra.
Research I and II used a non-factorial randomized block design, consisting of three replications with nine treatment combinations of types and doses of ameliorant material including dolomite, rock phosphate and mineral soil. Dolomite application consist of 3 levels: D1 = 0.45 kg polybag-1; D2 = 0.90 kg polybag-1; and D3 = 1.35 kg polybag-1. Rock phosphate application consist of 3 levels: F1 = 0.45 kg polybag-1; F2 = 90 kg polybag-1; and F3 = 1.35 kg polybag-1. Mineral soil applications also consist of 3 levels: M1 = 0.45 kg polybag-1; M2 = 0.90 kg polybag-1; and M3 = 1.35 kg polybag-1. The research I aims to determine the effect of incubated ameliorant material on changes in soil chemical properties of peat planting media. Research II aims to determine the response of vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery and changes in soil chemical properties to the ameliorant material application. Research III was compiled using a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor is the application of the type and dosage of ameliorant material consisting of nine treatment combinations. Dolomite application: D1 = 2 tons ha-1 (14 kg plant-1); D2 = 4 tons ha-1 (28 kg plant-1); D3 = 6 tons ha-1 (42 kg plant-1). Rock phosphate applications: F1 = 2 tons ha-1 (14 kg plant-1); F2 = 4 tons ha-1 (28 kg plant-1), F3 = 6 tons ha-1 (42 kg plant-1). Mineral soil application: M1 = 2 tons ha-1 (14 kg plant-1); M2 = 4 tons ha-1 (28 kg plant-1); M3 = 6 tons ha-1 (42 kg plant-1). The second factor was fertile zation application consisting of three types, namely: P1 = fertilizer package for the Center for Oil Palm Plantation (PPKS) Medan; P2 = fertilizer package Low Input Technology (TMR), and P3 = fertilizer package Grahadura Company Plantation (PTG), so we get 27 treatment combinations.
The results of the research I showed the application of the three types and doses of ameliorant material (dolomite, rock phosphate, and mineral soil) vary. For the highest dose of dolomite 1.35 kg polybag-1 (D3) increases the soil pH, K-exchangeable, Ca-exchangeable, and Mg-exchangeable. Rock phosphate application at a dose of 1.35 kg of polybag-1 (F3) increases the level of available P. While the mineral soil application dosage from 0.90 to 1.35 kg polybag-1 (M2-M3) is the highest in increasing CEC-soil.
The results of research II showed the application of ameliorant material (dolomite, rock phosphate and mineral soil) varied for all ages of observation. Dolomite application with a dose of 0.90-1.35 kg polybag-1 (D2 and D3) has been shown to increase the growth of seedling height and number of leaves. Application of rock phosphate and mineral soil dosages from 0.90 to 1.35 kg polybag-1 (F2; F3 and M2; M3) affect the growth of seedling height, the number of seedling leaves, and seedling diameter. Application of the three types and dosages of ameliorant material also improves the chemical properties of peat planting media after the implementation of the main nursery ends compared to the initial soil analysis, including soil pH, N-total, P-available, CEC and alkaline cation including K-exchangeable, Ca-exchangeable, and Mg-exchangeable. The results of the analysis for the highest soil pH was found in dolomite applications with doses of 0.90-1.35 kg polybag-1 (D2 and D3). The highest N was found in dolomite application with a dose of 0.45 to 0.90 kg polybag-1 (D1 and D2) and rock phosphate dose of 0.45 kg polybag-1 (F1). The highest available P was found in rock phosphate applications for all doses (F1; F2 and F3). While for the highest K, Ca, Mg and CEC were found in dolomite applications at a dose of 1.35 kg polybag-1 (D3). The application of the three types and dosages of ameliorant material also showed an increase in N, K, Ca and Mg nutrient uptake of seedling leaves, except P. The highest K and Mg nutrient uptake was found in mineral soil applications with a dose of 1.35 kg polybag-1 (M3). The highest Ca uptake was found in dolomite and rock phosphate applications in doses of 90-1.35 kg polybag-1 (D2; D3 and F2; F3), while for N uptake there was no difference for all ameliorant material applications.
The results of the research III showed the application of Low Input Technology (TMR / P2) fertilization with a dose of 3.25 kg plant-1 year-1 accompanied by application of mineral soil with a dose of 42 kg plant-1 (M3P2), simultaneously with the application of rock phosphate with a dose of 14 kg plant-1 (F1P2) and dolomite application at a dose of 42 kg plant-1 (D3P2) affect the nutrient uptake of K, Ca, and Mg leaves of 14-year-old oil palm in peatlands. The application of reactant interactions (fertilization and ameliorant material) not significantly affect the nutrient uptake of P, but it affect the uptake of N nutrients in leaves, both in the application of fertilization (P) and ameliorant material (A). The highest nutrient uptake of N in the leaves was found in PPKS fertilization package at a dose of 6.25 kg plant-1 ha-1 (P1) which was 2.78%, while the ameliorant material was found in dolomite application at a dose of 28 kg plant-1 (F2), which was 2.95%.
The highest production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of 14-year-old oil palm in typic haplo saprist subgroup peatlands was found in October 2015 observations in the dolomite application at a dose of 28 kg plant-1 (4 tons ha-1/D2) accompanied by TMR fertilizer dose of 3.25 kg plant-1 (1.00 kg urea; 0.5 kg TSP; 1.00 kg MoP and 0.75 kg kieserite/D2P2) which was 3.92 tons FFB ha-1. For the highest measurement results of stem length and number of leaflets found in the interaction of mineral soil dosage of 28 kg plant-1 and PPKS fertilization dose of 6.25 kg plant-1 year-1 (150 kg urea; 150 kg TSP; 2.00 kg MoP and 1.25 kg kieserite/M2P1) which was 5.73 m and for the number of leaflets was 317.67 strands, respectively in February and April 2016. The highest number of stem and average bunch weight were found in April and March 2016 independently applied mineral soil at a dose of 28 kg plant-1 (M2), which was 42.93 stem, and the average bunch weight (M2) was 30.56 kg plant-1. Whereas the highest number of bunches was found in rock phosphate application with a dose of 42 kg plant-1 (6 tons ha-1/F3) which was 1.11 bunches in September 2015 observations. | en_US |
