Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Keramik Tradisional dengan Bahan Baku Kaolin, Kuarsa, Feldspar dan Clay

Abstract

In this study traditional ceramics have been made with raw materials of kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and clay. The purpose of this study is to produce traditional ceramics that have optimum mechanical properties and good thermal properties. Kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and clay were prepared and then characterized by microstructure and elemental content (SEM-EDX), sieved using a sieve with variations in the size of 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, and 300 mesh. Samples were printed using a hydraulic press, with a ratio of a mixture of kaolin: quartz: feldspar: clay which is 20: 30: 30: 20 then left for 2 x 24 hours. Samples were burned in a furnace with a temperature of 1000 oC for 5 hours. Ceramics are characterized by physical properties (dry shrinkage and burn shrinkage), mechanical properties (hardness and compressive strength), thermal and microstructure properties. The results of the characterization of dry shrinkage and shrinkage of fuel with the highest shrinkage value at 300 mesh raw material size, hardness shows that the optimum grain size variation occurs at 300 mesh raw material size with hardness value = 2,223,107 MPa and optimum compressive strength at grain size of raw material 300 mesh with compressive strength value = 45,777 MPa. Different Thermal Analysis (DTA) test results showed that there was no deformation in the sample until the heating temperature was 950 oC. The results of the microstructure characterization of ceramic visible pores formed with pore diameters ranging from 1.027 μm - 7.862 μm. And the element content, namely Carbon = 3.20%; Oxygen = 50.86%; Sodium = 1.58%; Aluminum = 12.07%; Silicon = 29.43%; Potassium = 1.36%; Iron 1.50%.

Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat keramik tradisional dengan bahan baku kaolin, kuarsa, feldspar, dan clay. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan keramik tradisional yang mempunyai sifat fisis, sifat mekanik optimum dan sifat termal yang baik. Kaolin, kuarsa, feldspar, dan clay dipreparasi kemudian dikarakterisasi mikrostruktur dan kandungan unsur (SEM-EDX), diayak menggunakan ayakan dengan variasi ukuran 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, dan 300 mesh. Sampel dicetak menggunakan hydraulic press, dengan perbandingan campuran bahan kaolin: kuarsa : feldspar : clay yaitu 20 : 30 : 30 : 20 kemudian dibiarkan selama 2 x 24 jam. Sampel dibakar didalam tanur dengan suhu 1000 oC selama 5 jam. Keramik dikarakterisasi sifat fisis (susut kering dan susut bakar), sifat mekanik (kekerasan dan kuat tekan), sifat termal dan mikrostruktur. Hasil karakterisasi susut kering dan susut bakar dengan nilai penyusutan tertinggi pada ukuran bahan baku 300 mesh, kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa variasi ukuran butir optimum terjadi pada ukuran butir bahan baku 300 mesh dengan nilai kekerasan = 2.223,107 MPa dan kuat tekan optimum pada ukuran butir bahan baku 300 mesh dengan nilai kuat tekan = 45,777 MPa. Hasil uji Different Thermal Analysis (DTA) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi peleburan atau deformasi pada sampel sampai suhu pemanasan 950 oC. Hasil karakterisasi mikrostruktur keramik terlihat pori - pori yang terbentuk dengan diameter pori berkisar 1,027 μm - 7,862 μm. Serta kandungan unsur yaitu unsur Karbon = 3.20 %; Oksigen = 50.86% ; Sodium = 1.58% ; Alumunium = 12.07% ; Silicon = 29.43% ; Potassium = 1.36% ; Iron 1.50%.