Budidaya Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ) di Lahan Kritis Kabupaten Aceh Besar dengan Input Mulsa dan Pupuk Organik

Abstract

Di Propinsi Aceh luas lahan kritisnya mencapai 860.659,93 hektar. Lahan seluas ini perlu untuk diberdayakan khususnya di bidang pertanian dan peternakan, untuk dapat memberdayakan lahan kering tersebut, maka perlu diupayakan perbaikan sifat tanah. Tanaman sorgum dapat tumbuh pada lahan kering karena dalam pertumbuhannya tidak memerlukan air yang banyak dan tanah subur, maka perlu dilakukan percobaan pegunaan tanaman sorgum dengan didukung pemberian mulsa dan pupuk organik, guna memperbaiki sifat tanah lahan kering di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Percobaan I bertujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik lahan kering kritis di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pelaksanaan penelitian menggunakan metode survei, dan analisis laboratorium. Survei lapangan dan pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada kawasan lahan yang dianggap kritis di Kabupaten Aceh Besar pada 20 titik pengamatan meliputi wilayah Kecamatan Indrapuri dan Blang Bintang. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa tanah lahan kering di lokasi kajian yaitu di Kecamatan Indrapuri dan Kecamatan Blang Bintang Kabupaten Aceh Besar tergolong kritis. Percobaan II bertujuan untuk: (1). Mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorgum di lahan kritis Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar, baik pada periode tanam pertama (PC) maupun pada periode ratoon I, dengan pemberian mulsa dan pupuk organik.(2). Mengevaluasi sifat tanah lahan kering kritis di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar oleh pengaruh pemberian mulsa dan pupuk organik pada budidaya sorgum mulai periode tanam pertama (PC) dan periode ratoon 1. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (Split Plot Design ) dengan perlakuan yaitu:Faktor I : Mulsa (petak utama) : M0 (Tanpa mulsa jerami), M1 (mulsa jerami), Faktor II : Bahan organik (Anak petak): B0 (tanpa pupuk organik 0 ton ha-1), B1(Pupuk kandang sapi 25 ton ha-1), B2 (Kompos 25 ton ha-1), B3 ( Pupuk kandang sapi + kompos 25 ton ha-1).Percobaan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 plot Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembudidayaan sorgum periode tanam pertama (PC) hingga ratoon 1, baik tanpa maupun dengan pemberiaan mulsa dan pupuk organik dapat memperbaiki sifat tanah lahan kering kritis di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupeten Aceh Besar, di tandai dengan perbaikan sifat fisika, kimia, biologi tanah. Pada periode tanam pertama (PC), perlakuan pupuk kompos memberikan produksi sorgum tertinggi bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa pemberian pupuk organik. Sedangkan pada periode ratoon I produksi terbaik di peroleh pada perlakuan kompos, dan dapat meningkatkan produksi, bila bandingkan pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk organik.

Aceh Province has a critical land area of 860,659.93 hectares. This land needs to be empowered, especially in agriculture and animal husbandry. To empower this dry land, it is necessary to improve its soil properties. Sorghum plants can grow on dry land because in its growth does not require a lot of water and fertile soil, it is necessary to test the use of sorghum plants supported by the application of mulch and organic fertilizer, to improve the dry land soil properties in Aceh Besar District. The 1st experiment aims to describe the characteristics of critical dry land in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The research was conducted using survey methods and laboratory analysis. Field surveys and soil sampling were carried out on areas of land that were considered critical in Aceh Besar District at 20 observation points covering the area of Indrapuri and Blang Bintang Districts. The results showed that the dry land in the research location, namely in the Indrapuri Sub-district and Blang Bintang Sub-district, Aceh Besar District was classified as critical. The 2nd experiment aims to: (1). Evaluating the growth and production of sorghum plants in degraded land in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District, both in the first planting period (PC) and in the ratoon I period, with the application of mulch and organic fertilizer. (2). Evaluating the soil properties of critical dry land in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District by the effect of mulch and organic fertilizer application on sorghum cultivation starting from the first planting period (PC) and ratoon 1 period. The research design used a Split Plot Design with the treatment; Factor I: Mulch (main plot): M0 (without straw mulch), M1 (straw mulch), Factor II: Organic matters (Sub plot): B0 (without organic fertilizer 0 tons ha-1), B1 (Cow manure 25 tons ha-1), B2 (Compost 25 tons ha-1), B3 (Cow manure + compost 25 tons ha-1). The experiment was repeated 3 times hence obtained 24 plots The results showed that the cultivation of sorghum from the first planting period (PC) to ratoon 1, both without and with the application of mulch and organic fertilizer could improve the soil properties of critical dry land in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District, marked by the improvements in physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. In the first planting period (PC), compost treatment produced the highest sorghum production when compared to without organic fertilizer application treatment, whereas in the first ratoon period the best production was obtained in compost treatment and could increase production when compared to the without organic fertilizer application treatment.