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    Strategi Peningkatan Efektifitas Penggunaan Antibiotika pada Pasien Pneumonia di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sumatera Utara

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    Date
    2019
    Author
    Aryanda, Sri
    Advisor(s)
    Nasution, Azizah
    Khairunnisa
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    Abstract
    Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian tertinggi. Prevalensi pneumonia meningkat setiap tahunnya, menyebabkan penggunaan antibiotika meningkat. Ketidakrasionalan penggunaan antibiotika menimbulkan resistensi bakteri dan kejadian drug related problems (DRPs) yang berdampak negatif terhadap outcome, lenght of stay (LOS), dan Cost of illness (COI) pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi terhadap kerasionalitas penggunaan antibiotika, outcome klinis, DRPs, LOS dan COI pada pasien pneumonia rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sumatera Utara (RS USU). Penelitian analitik kohort ini dilakukan secara retrospektif sebagai kelompok tanpa intervensi (periode Januari-Desember 2018) dan secara prospektif sebagai kelompok intervensi (periode Juli-September 2019) yang didiagnosis pneumonia, tidak menderita penyakit infeksi lain dan berusia 18 tahun atau lebih yang dirawat di RS USU. Subjek penelitian kelompok tanpa intervensi (n = 33) dan kelompok intervensi (n = 42). Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotika dianalisis menggunakan metode Gyssens, identifikasi DRPs menggunakan instrumen PCNE V8.02, outcome klinis (penurunan WBC), COI dan LOS, selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistika menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan pada program SPSS V23.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan penggunaan antibiotika rasional antara kelompok tanpa intervensi (48,64%) dengan kelompok intervensi (69,04%) pada penggunaan antibiotika yang rasional p = 0,049. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada penurunan rerata WBC, p = 0,950 antara kelompok tanpa intervensi (3.760 ± 6.100 μl) dengan kelompok intervensi adalah (3.630 ± 6.010 μl). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada rerata LOS p = 0,727, antara kelompok tanpa intervensi (6,78 ± 2,43 hari) dengan kelompok intervensi (6,54 ± 3,29 hari). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kelompok tanpa intervensi (72,7%) dengan kelompok intervensi (45,2%) pada kejadian DRPs p = 0,001. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada rerata COI p = 0,061 antara kelompok tanpa intervensi (Rp. 4.994.200 ± Rp. 2.306.330) dan kelompok intervensi (Rp. 4.104.578 ± Rp. 1.739.132). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa intervensi meningkatkan kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotika, meningkatkan penurunan rerata WBC, rerata LOS, kejadian DRPs dan rerata COI pada pasien pneumonia.
     
    Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children and adults. The prevalence of pneumonia increases every year, resulting increased use of antibiotics. Irrational use of antibiotics induce bacterial resistance and the incidence of drug related problems (DRPs) that negatively impact the outcome, lenght of stay (LOS) and Cost of illness (COI) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intervention on rationality of antibiotic use, clinical outcome, DRPs, LOS and COI in hospitalized pneumonia patients at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) hospital. This cohort study was conducted with retrospective approach as a group without intervention (period January-December 2018) and prospective approach as intervention group (period July 2019-September 2019) were diagnosed with pneumonia, did not suffer from other infectious diseases and age 18 years or more were hospitalized USU hospital. Subjects of this study were divided into 2 groups, group without intervention (n = 33) and intervention group (n = 42). The rationality of the use of antibiotics was analyzed using the Gyssens method, identification of DRPs were analyzed using the PCNE V8.02 instrument, clinical outcome (decreased WBC), COI and LOS. There results were statistically analyzed using the independent-sample t test on the SPSS V23.0 program. Then all variabel were analyzed by independent-sample t test. All analysed were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23) (p < 0.05 was considered significant). The results showed a significant difference between the rational antibiotic use without the intervention group (48.64%) in the intervention group (69.04%) on rational antibiotic use (p = 0.049). There was no significant difference in the reduction in average WBC (p = 0.950) between the group without intervention (3,760 ± 6,100 μl) and the intervention group (3,630 ± 6,010 μl). There was no significant difference in the average LOS (p = 0.727), between the group without intervention (6.78 ± 2.43 days) and the intervention group (6.54 ± 3.29 days). There was a significant difference between the non-intervention group (42 cases) and the intervention group (24 cases) in the incidence of DRPs (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average COI (p = 0.061) between the groups without intervention (Rp. 4,994,200 ± Rp. 2,306,330) and the intervention group (Rp. 4,104,578 ± Rp. 1,739,132). This study proves that interventions increase the rationality of antibiotic use, reduce average WBC, average LOS, cases DRPs and average COI in pneumonia patients.

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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara - 2025

    Universitas Sumatera Utara

    Perpustakaan

    Resource Guide

    Katalog Perpustakaan

    Journal Elektronik Berlangganan

    Buku Elektronik Berlangganan

    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV