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    Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pirolisis, Serta Tinggi Pelet Terhadap Pembuatan Bio-Oil Berbahan Baku Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

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    Date
    2020
    Author
    Hasmar, Muhammad Teja
    Advisor(s)
    Irvan
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    Abstract
    Bio-oil is a polar compound that can be used as a substitute for liquid fossil fuels in several applications. Bio-oil can be burned in diesel engines, boilers and turbines for electricity generation. This study aims to obtain the conversion of OPEFB pellets into bio-oil through the pyrolysis process. The specific purpose of this research is to obtain and analyze data on the influence of pellet height, temperature and pyrolysis time on bio-oil production. The research methodology includes the characterization of raw materials, pyrolysis and biochar rationing and bio-oil through several analyzes. The fixed variable is the pellet mass (100 grams), the changing variable is the pyrolysis temperature, namely: 300 oC, 400 oC and 500 oC, pyrolysis time, namely: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 80 minutes and 100 minutes and pellet height is 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm. Tests carried out on biochar are analysis of moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content and fixed carbon. While testing carried out on bio-oil is an analysis of yield, density, viscosity, heating value using a bomb calorimeter and component analysis using GC-MS. The highest bio-oil yield was 31.52% and the lowest was 6.62%. The highest value of biochar moisture content is 2.97% and the lowest is 0.99%. The highest value of biochar volatile matter content is 27% and the lowest is 9.65%. The highest value of biochar ash content was 24.54% and the lowest was 3.85%. The highest fixed carbon biochar value was 71.93% and the lowest was 63.87%. The highest bio-oil density values according to the range 0.815 - 0.870 g / ml are found at pellet height of 1 cm and pyrolysis temperature at 400 ° C at pyrolysis time variations of 45, 60, 80 and 100 minutes with sequential density values of 0.827 g / ml, 0.834 g / ml, 0.845 g / ml and 0.847 g / ml. The highest value of bio-oil viscosity according to the range of 2-5 cSt was at 4 cm pellet height and pyrolysis time 80 minutes at temperature variations of 400 ° C and 500 ° C with sequential viscosity values of 2,047 cSt and 2,014 cSt. The highest calorific value bio-oil was 42,876 MJ/kg and the lowest was 20,878 MJ/kg. The results of the analysis of the bio-oil component at 500 ° C pyrolysis temperature, 100 minutes time and 1 cm pellet height showed that the bio-oil contained a lot of heavy fraction hydrocarbons (C14 - C19) of 60.87% according to the specifications on diesel type fuels.
     
    Bio-oil adalah senyawa polar yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil cair dalam beberapa aplikasi. Bio-oil dapat dibakar dalam mesin diesel, boiler dan turbin untuk pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh konversi Pelet TKKS menjadi bio-oil melalui proses pirolisis. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan dan menganalisis data pengaruh tinggi pelet, suhu dan waktu pirolisis terhadap produksi bio-oil. Metodologi penelitian meliputi karakterisasi bahan baku, pirolisis dan pengujan biochar maupun bio-oil melalui beberapa analisa. Variabel tetap adalah massa pelet (100 gram), variabel berubah adalah suhu pirolisis, yaitu : 300 oC ,400 oC dan 500 oC, waktu pirolisis, yaitu : 15 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit, 80 menit dan 100 menit dan tinggi pelet yaitu 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm dan 4 cm. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap biochar adalah analisa moisture content, volatile matter content, kadar abu dan fixed carbon. Sementara pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap bio-oil adalah analisa yield, densitas, viskositas, nilai kalor menggunakan alat bomb calorimeter dan analisa komponen menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil yield bio-oil tertinggi adalah 31,52 % dan terendah adalah 6,62 %. Nilai moisture content biochar tertinggi adalah 2,97 % dan terendah adalah 0,99 %. Nilai volatile matter content biochar tertinggi adalah 27 % dan terendah adalah 9,65 %. Nilai kadar abu biochar tertinggi adalah 24,54 % dan terendah adalah 3,85 %. Nilai fixed carbon biochar tertinggi adalah 71,93 % dan terendah adalah 63,87 %. Nilai densitas bio-oil yang paling banyak sesuai dengan rentang 0,815 - 0,870 g/ml terdapat pada tinggi pelet 1 cm dan suhu pirolisis 400 °C pada variasi waktu pirolisis 45, 60, 80 dan 100 menit dengan nilai densitas berurutan 0,827 g/ml, 0,834 g/ml, 0,845 g/ml dan 0,847 g/ml. Nilai viskositas bio-oil yang paling banyak sesuai dengan rentang 2 - 5 cSt terdapat pada tinggi pelet 4 cm dan waktu pirolisis 80 menit pada variasi suhu 400 °C dan 500 °C dengan nilai viskositas berurutan 2,047 cSt dan 2,014 cSt. Nilai kalor bio-oil tertinggi adalah 42,856 MJ/kg dan terendah 20,878 MJ/kg. Hasil analisa komponen bio-oil pada suhu pirolisis 500 °C, waktu 100 menit dan tinggi pelet 1 cm menunjukkan bahwa bio-oil banyak mengandung hidrokarbon fraksi berat (C14 – C19) sebesar 60,87 % sesuai dengan spesifikasi pada bahan bakar jenis diesel.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/25177
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV