Ekspresi Imunohistokimia Mucin 1 pada Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia dan Adenokarsinoma Prostat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Latar belakang: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepitelial neoplasia (PIN) dan adenokarsinoma prostat merupakan lesi yang dapat dijumpai pada prostat. Pada tahun 2013 di Indonesia terdapat 9,2 juta kasus BPH sedangkan kanker prostat sendiri sebanyak 25.012 kasus. MUC1 merupakan glikoprotein transmembran yang dapat terekspresi pada lesi jinak maupun lesi ganas prostat. Pada keganasan, MUC1 berperan dalam proliferasi sel, apoptosis dan adhesi sel, sehingga dapat meningkatkan angka kematian akibat kanker prostat. MUC1 juga dapat dikaitkan dengan prognosis yang buruk pada keganasan prostat. Saat ini sedang dikembangkan terapi target untuk keganasan prostat dari beberapa jalur pensinyalan. Anti MUC1 sebagai salah satu target terapi, diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu terapi pengobatan pada keganasan prostat. Tujuan: Mengetahui ekspresi MUC1 pada BPH, PIN dan adenokarsinoma prostat dengan grading histopatologi sesuai WHO 2016. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah slaid BPH, PIN dan adenokarsinoma prostat yang diwarnai dengan imunohistokimia MUC1 dan dinilai ekspresinya dengan tiga kategori yaitu negatif, positif lemah dan positif kuat. Hasil: Dari 34 sampel pada penelitian ini dijumpai 19 kasus BPH, 14 kasus adenokarsinoma prostat dan 1 kasus PIN. Pada BPH, ekspresi MUC1 negatif sebanyak 9(47,37%) kasus, ekspresi MUC1 positif lemah 8(42,11%) kasus, ekspresi positif kuat 2(10,52%) kasus. Pada adenokarsinoma prostat, ekspresi MUC1 negatif sebanyak 1(7,14%) kasus, ekspresi MUC1 positif lemah 9(64,29%) kasus, ekspresi MUC1 positif kuat 4(28,57%) kasus. Pada PIN ekspresi MUC1 positif kuat sebanyak 1(100%) kasus. Simpulan: Ekspresi imunohistokimia MUC1 positif pada lesi prostat dijumpai lebih banyak pada adenokarsinoma prostat dibandingkan BPH.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate adenocarcinoma are lesions that can be found on the prostate. In 2013 there were 9.2 million cases of BPH in Indonesia while 25,012 cases of prostate cancer alone. MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that can be expressed in both benign and malignant prostate lesions. In malignancy, MUC1 plays a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell adhesion, thus increasing mortality from prostate cancer. MUC1 can also be associated with a poor prognosis in prostate malignancy. Currently, target therapies are being developed for prostate malignancies from several signaling pathways. Anti MUC1 as one of the therapeutic targets, is expected to be one of the therapeutic treatments in prostate malignancies. Objective: To determine the expression of MUC1 in BPH, PIN and prostate adenocarcinoma with histopathological grading according to WHO 2016. Materials and Method: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was BPH slaid, PIN and prostate adenocarcinoma which was stained with MUC1 immunohistochemistry and its expression was assessed in three categories: negative, weak positive and strong positive. Result: From 34 samples in this study found 19 cases of BPH, 14 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 1 case of PIN. In BPH, MUC1 expression was negative in 9 (47.37%) cases, MUC1 expression was weak in 8 (42.11%) cases, strong positive expression in 2 (10.52%) cases. In prostate adenocarcinoma, MUC1 expression was negative in 1 (7.14%) cases, MUC1 expression was weak 9 (64.29%) cases, MUC1 expression was strongly positive 4 (28.57%) cases. On the positive MUC1 expression PIN is strong in 1 (100%) cases.. Conclusion: Positive MUC1 immunohistochemical expression in prostate lesions was found more in prostate adenocarcinoma than BPH.