Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Variabilitas Nutrisi dan Kontaminasi Mikotoksin pada Bahan Baku Jagung di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Corn is one of the main raw material in the feed industry and in the preparation of feed rations. Handling planting until after the corn harvest is considered to be a factor that influences the differences in corn nutritional value and mycotoxin contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence nutritional variability and mycotoxin contamination in corn as raw materials in North Sumatra by taking into account the closeness of the relationship between independent variables (corn varieties, planting land, highness, relative humidity, source of drying, storage time, and storage area) with each dependent variable (moisture content, crude protein content, crude fat content, crude fiber content, aflatoxin, fumonisin, and zearalenone). The samples tested were 105 samples of corn from farmers, traders and collectors in 5 districts in North Sumatra. The samples were tested for moisture content, crude protein content, crude fat content, crude fiber content, aflatoxin, fumonisin and zearalenone. Testing the aflatoxin, fumonisin and zearalenone content used the LFIA (Lateral Flow Immunochromatic Assay) method. For analytical correlation and regression used SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that highness factor had a significant effect on moisture content and crude fiber content, storage time also affected water content. But none of the crude protein content and crude fat levels were affected by any independent variable. In mycotoxin contamination, the relative humidity factor had a significant effect on the aflatoxin and fumonisin content and the storage time had a significant effect on the aflatoxin content. However, none of the zearalenone content was affected by any independent variable.

Jagung merupakan salah satu bahan baku utama dalam industri pakan maupun dalam penyusunan ransum pakan. Penanganan penanaman hingga pasca panen jagung dianggap merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan nilai nutrisi jagung dan kontaminasi mikotoksin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi variabilitas nutrisi dan kontaminasi mikotoksin pada bahan baku jagung di Sumatera Utara dengan memperhatikan tingkat keeratan hubungan antara variabel bebas (varietas jagung, lahan tanam, ketinggian, kelembaban relatif, sumber pengeringan, lama penyimpanan, dan tempat penyimpanan) dengan masing-masing variabel terikat (kadar air, kadar protein kasar, kadar lemak kasar, kadar serat kasar, aflatoksin, fumonisin, dan zearalenone). Sampel yang diuji sebanyak 105 sampel jagung yang berasal dari petani, pedagang dan pengepul pada 5 kabupaten di Sumatera Utara. Sampel diuji kadar air, kadar protein kasar, kadar lemak kasar, serat kasar, kandungan aflatoksin, fumonisin dan zearalenone. Pengujian kandungan aflatoksin, fumonisin dan zearalenone menggunakan metode LFIA (Lateral Flow Immunochromatic Assay). Analisis korelasi dan regresi menggunakan SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor ketinggian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air dan kadar serat kasar, lama penyimpanan juga mempengaruhi kadar air. Sedangkan pada kadar protein kasar dan lemak kasar tidak ada dipengaruhi oleh satupun variabel bebas. Pada kontaminasi mikotoksin, faktor kelembaban relatif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kandungan aflatoksin dan fumonisin serta lama penyimpanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kandungan aflatoksin. Namun, kandungan zearalenone tidak ada dipengaruhi oleh satupun variabel bebas.