Perbedaan Kadar Kortisol Saliva pada Anak Pubertas Sebelum dan Sesudah Stres Psikologis

Abstract

Background: Psychological stress is a condition caused by a social threat to psychological homeostasis. Cortisol is a stress hormone secreted by Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) which affects physical and psychological health conditions and can be measured through salivary examination. Psychological stress can increase salivary cortisol levels in Objective: To understand the difference in salivary cortisol levels in puberty children before and after psychological stress. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted at Pencawan junior high school, Medan, North Sumatera, in July – December 2019. Subjects were students aged 12-14 years. Psychological stress intervention was generated by an mathematics exam. Saliva was collected before and after intervention. Analysis was done with Wilcoxon test and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 16 subjects consist of 8 male student and 8 female student with sexual maturation Tanner II (88%) and Tanner III (12%). Study obtain that there was a statistically significant difference in salivary cortisol levels before and after the subject is given a stressor (P=0.005, CI 95%). Conclusion: Stress can affects salivary cortisol levels. There was a statistically significant difference in salivary cortisol levels before and after psychological stress in puberty children

Latar belakang: Stres psikologis adalah keadaan yang diakibatkan oleh sesuatu ancaman dalam bentuk sosial terhadap homeostasis psikologis. Kortisol adalah hormon stres yang disekresikan oleh Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal (HPA) yang mempengaruhi fisik dan psikologis kondisi kesehatan dan dapat diukur melalui pemeriksaan saliva. Stres psikologis dapat meningkatkan kadar kortisol saliva pada anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kadar kortisol saliva sebelum dan sesudah stres psikologis pada anak pubertas . Metode: Penelitian intervensi kuasi eksperimen dilakukan di SMP Pencawan Medan, Sumatera Utara pada Juli 2019 - Desember 2019. Subjek adalah pelajar usia 12-14 tahun. Sampel Saliva dikumpulkan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian stres psikologis berupa ujian matematika. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Wilcoxon. Nilai P<0.05 dikatakan signifikan. Hasil: Subjek sebanyak 16 anak, terdiri atas 8 siswa dan 8 siswi dengan tingkat maturasi seksual Tanner II (88%) dan Tanner III (12%). Didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar kortisol sebelum dan sesudah stres psikologis (P=0.005, CI 95%). Kesimpulan: Stres dapat mempengaruhi kadar kortisol saliva. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar kortisol saliva pada anak pubertas sebelum dan sesudah stres psikologis