Optimalisasi Lahan Kering Marginal Melalui Sistem Tumpang Sari Jagung (Zea may, S) Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) dan Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum, L.) di Kabupaten Aceh Utara

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada lahan kering marginal yang tidak digunakan untuk budidaya pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pola tanam tumpangsari dan pola monokultur di lahan kering marginal terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung, kedelai dan cabai merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan Kering Gampong Reuleut Barat Kecamatan Muara Batu Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Topografi datar yang terletak pada ketinggian + 7 meter diatas permukaan laut. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai bulan April 2014 dan berakhir bulan April 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non factorial. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk percobaan lapang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial. Perlakuan pola tanam I, Perlakuan pola tanam II, pola tanam III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lahan Kering marginal di Kabupaten Aceh Utara dapat dioptimalkan dengan sistem tumpang sari, baik pada pola tanaman I, Pola Tanam II, Pola Tanam III dan pola monokultur. Hasil analisis kimia, fisika, morfologi dan biomassa tanah sebelum penelitian pada lokasi penelitian bahwa tanah tersebut tanah margianal, hasil analisis tanah sesudah penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbaikan sifat-sifat tanah. Tingi jagung terbaik pada pola tanam I, kedelai tertinggi pada pola monokultur dan cabai merah tertinggi pada pola tanam II. Diameter jagung terbesar pada pola tanam I, diameter kedelai terbesar pada pola monokultur, diameter cabai merah terbesar pada pola monokultur. Bobot kering akar jagung terberat pada pola tanam I, bobot kering akar kedelai terberat pada pola tanam II dan bobot kering akar cabai merah terberat pada pola monokultur. Bobot kering tajuk jagung terberat pada pola tanam II, bobot kering tajuk kedelai terberat pada pola tanam III dan bobot kering cabai merah terberat pada pola monokultur. Laju tumbuh relatif 0-2 MST sama pada semua pola tanam baik jagung, kedelai dan cabai merah. LTR 2-4 MST sama pada semua pola tanam jagung; pada kedelai 2-4 MST LTR terbaik pada pola tanam II dan LTR cabai merah 2-4 MST terbaik pada pola tanam II. LTR jagung 4-6 MST terbaik pola monokultur, LTR kedelai 4-6 MST terbaik pada pola monokultur dan LTR cabai merah 4-6 MST terbaik pada pola monokultur. Laju asimilasi bersih jagung dan kedelai 0-2 MST terbaik pada pola monokultur dan cabai merah terbaik pola tanam II. LAB jagung 2-4 MST terbaik pola tanam III, LAB 2-4 MST kedelai dan cabai merah terbaik pada pola tanam I. Jumlah cabang produktif kedelai terbanyak pola tanam I, cabai merah pola tanam III. Panjang dan berat tongkol jagung pola I, pipilan kering jagung pola III, berat 100 biji jagung pola II, berat 100 biji kedelai pola I. Jumlah buah cabai terbanyak pola monokultur, jumlah polong, polong bernas kedelai pola I. Shot root ratio jagung pola I, kedelai pola monokultur, cabai pola II. Perlakuan yang terbaik dari sisi Kuantitas adalah pola tanaman III NKL 2.77 dari sisi Kualitas dengan pola tanam II NKL 2.82.

Optimization of marginal dry land through intercropping system for corn (Zea mays, S), soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) and red chili (Capsicum annum, L.) in North Aceh Regency. The remaining land in North Aceh Regency is generally marginal dry land. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intercropping and monoculture patterns on marginal dry land on the growth and production of corn, soybean and red chili. This research was carried out on the dry land of GampongReuleut Barat,MuaraBatu District, North Aceh Regency. The land has flat topography and is located at an altitude of + 7 meters above sea level. The researchstarted in April 2014 and ended in April 2015. This study was a field experiment using non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Treatments consisted of cropping pattern I, cropping pattern II,and cropping pattern III. The results showed that marginal dry land in North Aceh Regency can be optimized by intercropping systems; cropping pattern I, croppingpattern II, cropping pattern III and monoculture pattern. The results of chemical, physical, morphological and biomass analysis of the soil prior to the study at the study location confirm that the land was marginal soil while the result of soil analysis after the study showed an improvement in soil properties. Corn height was best in cropping pattern I, while forsoybeanwas in monoculture pattern while for red chili in cropping pattern II. The largest diameter for corn was found in cropping pattern I, for soybean in monoculture pattern, and forred chili in the monoculture pattern. The heaviest dry weight of the roots of corn was in the cropping pattern I, for soybean in cropping pattern II and for red chili in monoculture pattern. The heaviest dry weight of the corn canopy was in cropping pattern II, for soybean in cropping pattern III while for red chili in the monoculture pattern. The relative growth rate of 0-2 MST was the same for all cropping patterns in corn, soybean and red chili. LTR 2-4 MST was the same for all corn planting patterns; in soybean, 2-4 MST LTR was the best in cropping pattern II and for red chili, 2-4 MST was the best in the cropping pattern II. In corn, the best 4-6 MST LTR was in monoculture pattern, for soybean, the best 4-6 MST LTR was in monoculture pattern and inred chili, the best 4-6 MST LTR was in monoculture pattern. In corn and soybean, the best of net assimilation rate of corn and soybeans 0-2 MST was in monoculture pattern and for red chili in cropping pattern II. The best LAB 2-4 MST for corn was incropping pattern III, while for soybean and red chili was in cropping pattern I. The largest number of productive branches in soybean was in cropping pattern I while for red chili was in cropping pattern III. For the length and weight of corncob,the best was in croppingpattern I and in cropping pattern III for the best dry shelled corn, the best weight of 100 corn kernels was in cropping pattern II, weight of 100 soybean kernels was in cropping pattern I. The largest number of red chili was in monoculture pattern while the largest number of soybean pods was in pattern I. The best Shot root ratio of Corn was in cropping pattern I ,for soybean was in monoculture pattern and for chili in pattern II. The best treatment in terms of quantity wasin cropping pattern III (LER= 2.7) while in terms of quality was the in cropping pattern II (LER= 2.82).