Uji Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) pada Tikus Jantan

Abstract

The Leave of the Red Tips (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) has been researched to have a flavonoid compound that has benefits as an anti-inflammatory and have potentially as an immunomodulator. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of immunomodulator on the activity of phagocytosis, the total number and the differential of leukosit, the antibody titer value, and delayed type hypersensitivity response. Research conducted is experimental, including respon imune non specific testing and respon imune spesific testing. Group treatment to test the clearance of carbon divided into 7 groups, each consisting of 5 male mice including the group of CMC-Na 0.5 %, Imboost ® dose 22.5 mg/ kgBB, the red tip leaf’s etanol extract with dose of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg orraly distributed for 7 days, and on the 8th day the carbon suspension was given using i.v. The blood intake were done in certain times and then the absorbance was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The liver and spleen of the rats were taken and weighed. The treatment group for antibody titer was divided into 7 groups with each consisting of 5 male mice using the same treatment as above except positive control that has been used levamisole on 25 mg/kgBB dose that has been distributed orraly for 14 days. The non spesific immune respond utilizing carbon cleanse method by measuring the carbon elemination speed and total amount and leukocyte differential. The specific immune response testing using antibody titers was done based on glutination which was formed and the delayed type hypersensitivity testing based on the mice swollen foot. The research outcome shows that the distribution of the red tip leaf’s etanol extract with dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW is increasing the phagocytosis activity, the total of leukocytes and neutrophil segments in male mice injected with carbon suspension which were significantly different compared to negative control CMC-Na 0.5%. (p <0.05) and not significantly different from the positive control Imboost (p> 0.05). The distribution of the red tip leaf’s etanol extract with dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW is increasing the formation of rat’s immune cell antibodies and increase leg swelling in male rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus which was significantly different from negative control CMC-Na 0.5% (p <0.05 ) and was not significantly different from the positive control Imboost (p> 0.05). This research prove that the red tip leaf’s etanol extract has an effect of imunostimulator againts the phagocytosis activity, the total sum and leukocytes differential along with antibody titer value and the delayed type hypersensitivity.

flavonoid yang bermanfaat sebagai anti inflamasi dan berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efek imunomodulator terhadap aktivitas fagositosis, jumlah total dan diferensial leukosit, nilai titer antibody dan respon hipersensitivitas tipelambat. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental, meliputi pengujian respon imun nonspesifik dengan metode uji bersihan karbon dan pengujan respon imun spesifik dengan metode tier antibody. Kelompok perlakuan untuk uji bersihan karbon dibagi 7 kelompok dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 5 tikus jantan meliputi kelompok CMC-Na 0,5%, Imboost® dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB, ekstrak etanol daun pucuk merah (EEDPM) dosis 50, 100, 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kgBB secara oral selama 7 hari dan hari ke 8 diberikan suspensi karbon secara i.v. Pengambilan darah dilakukan waktu tertentu lalu diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Berat hati dan limpa tikus diambil dan ditimbang. Kelompok perlakuan untuk titer antibodi dibagi 7 kelompok dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 5 tikus jantan dengan kelompok perlakuan yang sama seperti di atas kecuali kontrol positif yang digunakan levamisole dosis 25 mg/kgBB diberikan secara oral selama 14 hari. Pengujian respon imun nonspesifik dengan metode bersihan karbon dengan mengukur laju eliminasi karbon serta jumlah total dan diferensial leukosit. Pengujian respon imun spesifik menggunakan metode titer antibodi dilakukan berdasarkan glutinasi yang terbentuk dan uji hipersensitivitas tipe lambat berdasarkan bengkak kaki tikus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EEDPM dosis 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kg bb meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag, jumlah total leukosit dan neutrofil segmen pada tikus jantan yang diinjeksi suspensi karbon yang berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif CMC-Na 0,5 % (p < 0,05) dan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif Imboost (p > 0,05). Ekstrak etanol daun pucuk merah dosis 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kg bb dapat meningkatkan titer antibody dan meningkatkan bengkak kaki pada tikus jantan yang diinduksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif CMC-Na 0,5 % (p < 0,05) dan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif Imboost (p > 0,05). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa EEDPM memiliki efek imunostimulator terhadap aktivitas fagositosis, jumlah total dan diferensial leukosit serta nilai titer antibody dan nilai respon hipersensitivitas tipe lambat.