Persiapan Katalis Biochar Kulit Durian Terimpregnasi Koh pada Pembuatan Biodiesel

Abstract

In this research, a biomass from durian shell converted into biochar catalyst. Biochar was impregnated by KOH to enhance the catalytic performance in transesterefication reaction. The characteristic of biochar catalyst been examined for morphology, composition and pore volume, surface area, and pore size distribution, respectively by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDX (Energy Disepersive Xray), FTIR (Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), BET (Brunner Emmet Teller) and BJH (Barret – Joyner Holanda). The biochar catalyst characteristic shows that temperature of calcination has an important role during activation process. The temperature optimum of calcination is 600 C. The optimum quality of biochar catalyst is when calcination temperature is 600 C, where in the testing of biodiesel, 97% yield is obtained for operating temperature of 60 C, 90 minutes reaction time, catalyst amount is 3% (wt%) with 12 : 1 oil methanol ratio and the ratio of KOH to biochar impregnation is 4:1 (w/w). Respectively, both surface area and pore volume of biochar are 162,9 m2/g and 17 mm3/g. As the solid waste, Durian shell has the capability to be developed into biochar catalysts in biodiesel production on an industrial scale.

Dalam penelitian ini, biomassa dari kulit durian diubah menjadi katalis biochar. Biochar kemudian diimpregnasi dengan KOH untuk meningkatkan kinerja katalitik dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Karakteristik katalis biochar dievaluasi morfologi, komposisi, volume pori, luas permukaan, dan ukuran diameter porinya berturut-turut dengan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDX (Energi Disepersive – X), FTIR (Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), BET (Brunner Emmet Teller) dan BJH (Barret - Joyner Holanda). Karakterisasi yang didapat memperlihatkan bahwa suhu kalsinasi memiliki peran penting selama proses pembuatan katalis biochar. Kondisi optimal katalis biochar adalah pada suhu kalsinasi 600 C, dengan rasio KOH biochar 4:1 (b/b), rasio metanol minyak 12:1, jumlah katalis 3% (% berat), suhu reaksi 60 C dan waktu reaksi 90 menit. Dimana dalam pengujian terhadap reaksi transesterifikasi didapatkan yield biodiesel sebesar 97%. Luas permukaan dan volume pori optimumnya masing-masing 162,943 m2/g dan 17 mm2/g. Sebagai limbah padat, kulit durian memiliki kemampuan untuk dikembangkan menjadi katalis biochar dalam produksi biodiesel pada skala industri.