Perubahan Fungsi Ruang Hunian Sederhana Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Perilaku
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Date
2020Author
Simbolon, Agustina Sri Rezeki
Advisor(s)
Aulia, Dwira Nirfalini
Fachrudin, Hilma Tamiami
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The behavioral approach is used to examine the behavior of residential
residents because the activities carried out are basically based on many aspects.
There are three factors behind living behavior, namely (1) Individual factors
consisting of personality, social values, and emotions; (2) Social factors which
consist of education, age / gender, ethnicity and religion; (3) Information factor
which consists of knowledge, media and intervention. These factors will shape the
behavior of the community so that the behavioral approach is used in this study to
determine (1) the occupants' perceptions of the available subsidized housing
program; (2) Residents' activities in the adaptation process of living in subsidized
houses; (3) Changes in spatial function due to the adaptation of residents' behavior in
simple housing (subsidized housing program) Grand Permata Residence II housing
which has been occupied for 5 years. Research on the behavioral characteristics of
low-income residents will be the basis for the use of residential space. Settlement
behavior observations are carried out to obtain occupant activities in using the
residential space. The activity pattern of residents in living is used to analyze the use
of residential space. In addition, residents' perceptions of the subsidized housing
program available at the Grand Permata Residence II Housing, Deli Serdang
Regency were also researched through direct interviews with residents of the house
which included (1) the amount of available electricity (900 Watt), clean water
sources. available (borehole); (2) Condition of floor (ceramic), floor KM / WC
(ceramic and waterproof); (3) roof construction (wooden frame); (4) Condition of the
KM / WC walls (minimum height of 150cm from the floor); (5) Condition of the
ceiling height (2.80 m); (6) For the management of available indoor space with the
size of a family room (3m x 6m); size of bedroom 1 (3.1m x 3m), size of bedroom 2
(2.75m x 3m), bathroom size (1.5m x 1.5m), terrace size (3m x 1.1m), carport size (
3m x 4.5m), garden size (3m x 4m). In the case of the Grand Permata Residence II
Housing Subsidized Housing program which is located on Jalan HM Puna
Sembiring, Deli Serdang Regency, all buildings for each housing unit are of the same
type. House area 36 m2 with a land area of 91 m2, consisting of two bedrooms, one
bathroom, one family room, without a kitchen. By knowing the adaptation of behavior
to the limited space available, it will identify changes in space that occur and the
space needed. With a descriptive qualitative method, this study produces
recommendations for simple house designs based on changes in residential units that
occur after they are inhabited, so the subsidized housing program run by the
government can be right on target and meet the needs of low-income people. Pendekatan perilaku dipergunakan untuk meneliti perilaku penghuni
perumahan karena aktivitas menghuni yang dilakukan pada dasarnya dilatar
belakangi oleh banyak aspek. Ada tiga faktor yang melatar belakangi prilaku
bermukim yaitu (1) Faktor Individual yang terdiri dari kepribadian, nilai2 sosial, dan
emosi; (2) Faktor Sosial yang terdiri dari pendidikan, umur/gender, etnis, dan agama;
(3) Faktor Informasi yang terdiri dari pengetahuan, media dan intervensi. Faktorfaktor
inilah yang akan membentuk perilaku bermukim masyarakat sehingga
pendekatan perilaku dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) Persepsi
penghuni terhadap rumah sederhana program rumah subsidi yang tersedia;
(2) Aktivitas penghuni dalam proses adaptasi menghuni rumah subsidi;
(3) Perubahan fungsi ruang akibat adaptasi perilaku penghuni di perumahan
sederhana (program rumah subsidi) Perumahan Grand Permata Residence II yang
telah dihuni selama 5 tahun. Penelitian karakteristik perilaku bermukim MBR akan
menjadi dasar pemanfaatan ruang hunian. Pengamatan perilaku bermukim dilakukan
untuk mendapatkan aktivitas penghuni dalam menggunakan ruang hunian. Pola
aktivitas penghuni dalam bermukim dipergunakan untuk menganalisa pemanfaatan
ruang hunian. Sebagai tambahan, persepsi penghuni terhadap rumah sederhana
program rumah subsidi yang tersedia pada Perumahan Grand Permata Residence II,
Kabupaten Deli Serdang juga turut diteliti melalui wawancara langsung terhadap
penghuni rumah yang meliputi (1) Besarnya daya listrik yang tersedia (900 Watt),
sumber air bersih yang tersedia (sumur bor); (2) Kondisi lantai (keramik), lantai
KM/WC (keramik dan kedap air); (3) Konstruksi atap (rangka kayu); (4) Kondisi
dinding KM/WC (tinggi minimal 150cm dari lantai); (5) Kondisi ketinggian langitlangit
(2.80 m); (6) Untuk pengelolaan ruang dalam yang tersedia dengan ukuran
ruang keluarga (3m x 6m); ukuran ruang tidur 1 (3,1m x 3m), ukuran ruang tidur 2
(2,75m x 3m), ukuran kamar mandi (1,5m x 1,5m), ukuran teras (3m x 1,1m), ukuran
carport (3m x 4,5m), ukuran taman (3m x 4m). Pada kasus program Rumah Subsidi
Perumahan Grand Permata Residence II yang berada di Jalan HM Puna Sembiring,
Kabupaten Deli Serdang ini, seluruh bangunan tiap unit rumahnya memiliki tipe yang
sama. Luas rumah 36 m2 dengan luas tanah 91 m2, terdiri dari dua kamar tidur, satu
kamar mandi, satu ruang keluarga, tanpa dilengkapi dapur. Dengan mengetahui
adaptasi perilaku terhadap keterbatasan ruang yang tersedia maka akan teridentifikasi
perubahan ruang yang terjadi dan ruang yang dibutuhkan. Dengan metode kualitatif
deskriptif, penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi desain rumah sederhana
berdasarkan perubahan unit hunian yang terjadi setelah dihuni, maka program Rumah
Subsidi yang dijalankan oleh Pemerintah dapat tepat sasaran dan memenuhi
kebutuhan masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah.
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