Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan dan Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pb, Cu dan Zn di Sungai Benuken Desa Berastepu, Kabupaten Karo Pasca Erupsi Gunung Sinabung

Abstract

Mount Sinabung is one of active volcanoes located in the highlands of Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The mountain has periodically erupted since 2010 and released volcanic ashes to the surrounding villages and aquatic habitats. Volcanic ashes contain several heavy metals which are toxic and non-biodegradable to the living systems, especially the aquatic organisms. The present study investigates the fish species diversity and analysis of its tissue regarding the heavy metals accumulation capacity from each species in the Benuken River, Berastepu Village, Karo Regency post-eruption of Mount Sinabung using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Four species were documented such as Puntius binotatus, Homaloptera nebulosa, Tor soro, and Channa striata. The diversity index of fish community from two study sites was ranged between 0.012<H’<0.023 or categorized as very low in diversity. The heavy metals concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in water of Benuken River were still under tolerance level based on the Governmental Regulations No. 82 year 2001. The heavy metals concentration in all fish tissues were also safe for consumption based on the standard quality by FAO/WHO (2004).

Gunung Sinabung adalah Gunung merapi di dataran tinggi Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Gunung Sinabung terletak pada titik koordinat 030 10‟ LU dan 980 23‟ BT. Abu vulkanik yang berasal dari gunung berapi mengandung beberapa material logam berat yang bersifat toksik. Logam berat dapat berubah menjadi toksik bagi biota air termasuk ikan, karena logam berat tersebut tidak dapat dihancurkan dan akan terakumulasi ke dalam jaringan tubuh organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganaalisa keanekaragaman jenis ikan dan pengaruh kandungan logam berat Pb, Cu dan Zn pada ikan di Sungai Benuken Desa Berastepu, Kabupaten Karo pasca erupsi Gunung Sinabung dilakukan dengan metode AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keanekaragaman tergolong rendah yaitu 0 < H´ < 2,302. Sungai Benuken termasuk kategori kualitas tercemar sedang metode STORET. Kandungan logam berat Pb, Cu dan Zn pada ikan Puntius binotatus, Homaloptera nebulosa, Tor soro dan Channa striata berada di bawah baku mutu berdasarkan FAO/WHO 2004 dan layak dikonsumsi manusia.