Hubungan Kadar Debu Keramik di Tempat Kerja dengan Fungsi Paru pada Pekerja Industri Keramik Perusahaan X, Mabar Medan

Abstract

Background: Dust exposure in the working environment is a potential factor in causing lung function disorders. Lung function disorders consist of restriction, obstruction and mixed-type which is shown by a decrease in the %FEV1 and %FVC parameters. Ceramic industry workers have a high probability of being exposed to dust in the working environment as through working process. Dust from ceramic industry work can entry to the respiratory tract of the workers through inhalation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dust levels and lung function in ceramic industry workers. Methods: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted in March to June 2019 in the X Ceramics Industry in the Mabar area, Medan City. The research subject was differentiated based on the location of the work and measured the level of dust in the work location using a Personal Dust Sampler. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi Square test and T-test using SPSS software. Result: Thirty five male workers were included as research subjects divided into 3 work locations, namely 11 (31.4%) in the precompression section, 13 (37.1%) in the compression section and 11 (31.4%) in the sintering section. Dust levels in each work location are 24.8, 29.2, and 6.11 respectively. The results of pulmonary function examination showed 21 people (60%) had restriction abnormalities. There was no relationship between dust levels in the workplace and lung function (p> 0.05) in ceramic workers. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between dust levels and lung function, but it can be concluded that the higher the dust level in the workplace, the lower the lung function of the worker.

Latar Belakang: Paparan debu di lingkungan kerja merupakan faktor potensial dalam menyebabkan gangguan faal paru. Gangguan faal paru dapat berupa restriksi, obstruksi dan kombinasi yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan parameter %FEV1 dan % FVC. Pekerja industri keramik memiliki kemungkinan besar terpapar debu di lingkungan kerja akibat dari proses pekerjaan. Debu yang dihasilkan dari pekerjaan dapat masuk ke dalam saluran pernapasan pekerja secara inhalasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar debu dengan fungsi paru pada pekerja industri keramik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Juni 2019 di Industri Keramik X di daerah Mabar, Kota Medan. Subjek penelitian dibedakan berdasarkan lokasi kerjanya dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar debu di lokasi kerja dengan menggunakan alat Personal Dust Sampler. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square dan uji- T menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil: Sebanyak 35 pekerja laki-laki dilibatkan sebagai subjek penelitian yang terbagi ke dalam 3 lokasi kerja, yaitu 11(31.4%) di bagian prakompresi, 13 (37.1%) di bagian kompresi dan 11 (31.4%) di bagian sintering. Kadar debu di masing-masing lokasi kerja adalah 24.8, 29.2, dan 6.11 berturut-turut. Hasil pemeriksaan fungsi paru menunjukkan 21 orang (60%) mengalami kelainan restriksi. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar debu di tempat kerja dengan fungsi paru (p>0.05) pada pekerja keramik. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar debu dengan fungsi paru, namun dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi kadar debu di tempat kerja, maka semakin rendah fungsi paru pada pekerja tersebut.