Formulasi Dan Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Antara Sediaan Nanaoemulsi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Dan Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.)

Abstract

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) has pharmacological effects such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antibacterial. Ethanol extract and black cumin oil contain a compound thymoquinone (TQ) which is broad-spectrum antibacterial, formulated into nanoemulsion gel to make the preparation more physically stable. The purpose of this research was to formulate and compare the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion gel ethanol extract and black cumin oil. The simplicia powder of black cumin was characterized, then macerated with 80% ethanol, the extract obtained in a rotary evaporator was then evaporated. Ethanol extract and black cumin oil were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acne by diffusion and dilution methods, then formulated into a nanoemulsion gel. Testing of ethanol extract and black cumin oil nanoemulsion gel against antibacterial activity using well diffusion method and irritation test. The evaluation of the preparations includes organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, type of emulsion, particle size, centrifugation and cycling test. The results of the characterization of black cumin simplicia were 2,65% water content, water soluble extract content 24,90%, ethanol soluble extract content 21,46%, total ash content 1,85%, acid insoluble ash content 0,28%. MIC value of ethanol extract and black cumin oil (6,0-19,31 and 6,93-29,20 mm) and value of MBC (1-3%). The nanoemulsion gel of ethanol extract and black cumin oil was stable for 12 weeks of storage, homogeneous, O/W emulsion type, pH (5,1-6,2), viscosity (2850-4850 mPa.s), particle size (39,28-419,78 nm). The results of the centrifugation test and cycling test are physically stable with the MIC value (6,43-14,43 mm) and does not irritate skin. The conclusion of this research is that ethanol extract and black cumin oil have antibacterial activity. Nanoemulsion gel black cumin oil had higher effectiveness than black cumin ethanol extract nanoemulsion gel.

Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) memiliki efek farmakologis seperti antioksidan, anti inflamasi, gastroprotektif juga antibakteri. Ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam mengandung senyawa thymoquinone (TQ) yang bersifat antibakteri berspektrum luas, diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan nanoemulsi gel agar sediaan lebih stabil secara fisik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk formulasi dan membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri sediaan nanoemulsi gel ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam. Serbuk simplisia jintan hitam dikarakterisasi, selanjutnya dimaserasi dengan etanol 80%, ekstrak yang diperoleh di rotary evaporator kemudian diuapkan. Ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acne dengan metode difusi agar dan dilusi, selanjutnya diformulasikan menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel. Pengujian sediaan nanoemulsi gel ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran serta uji irtasi. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, tipe emulsi, ukuran partikel, sentrifugasi dan cycling test. Hasil uji karakterisasi serbuk simplisia jintan hitam diperoleh kadar air 2,65%, kadar sari larut air 24,90%, kadar sari larut etanol 21,46%, kadar abu total 1,85%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,28%. Nilai KHM ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam (6,0-19,31 dan 6,93-29,20 mm) dan nilai KBM (1-3%). Sediaan nanoemulsi gel ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu, homogen, tipe emulsi m/a, pH (5,1-6,2), viskositas (2850-4850 mPa.s), ukuran partikel (39,28-419,78 nm). Hasil uji sentrifugasi dan cycling test stabil secara fisik dengan nilai KHM (6,43-14,43 mm) dan sediaan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ekstrak etanol dan minyak jintan hitam memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel minyak memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan sediaan nanoemulsi gel ekstrak etanol jintan hitam.