Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Antar Provinsi di Indonesia

Abstract

During the period 2013-2019, Indonesia's economic growth tended to increase, the lowest economic growth occurred in 2015 due to the dynamics of the global economy. On the other hand, based on Indonesia's Gini index, inequality in Indonesia has decreased. However, this is not in line if you look at the GRDP per capita between provinces in Indonesia where there is a large difference between the highest and lowest PDRB per capita. This study aims to analyze economic growth and income inequality between provinces in Indonesia in 2013-2019 and also see the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2013-2019. The data comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics and is processed using Microsoft Excel and Eviews version 10 using Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, Shift Share, Klassen Typology, Wlliamson Index, Theil Ethrophy Index, and Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) analysis. The results showed that the main economic sectors of the provinces in Indonesia were agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Based on Klassen's typology analysis, there are 10 provinces that are relatively underdeveloped. Income inequality between provinces in Indonesia for the 2013-2019 period is relatively high and tends to increase. The results of the Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) analysis show that in the long run, economic growth and income inequality have a positive relationship.

Selama kurun waktu 2013-2019, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia cenderung mengalami peningkatan, pertumbuhan ekonomi terendah terjadi di tahun 2015 akibat dinamika perekonomian global. Disisi lain, berdasarkan indeks gini Indonesia ketimpangan di Indonesia mengalami penurunan. Namun hal ini tidak sejalan jika melihat PDRB perkapita antar provinsi di Indonesia dimana terdapat selisih yang besar antara PDRB perkapita tertinggi dengan terendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan antar provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2013-2019 juga melihat hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berbentuk data panel dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia periode tahun 2013-2019. Data tersebut berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Eviews versi 10 dengan menggunakan analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share, Tipologi Klassen, Indeks Wlliamson, Indeks Etropi Theil, dan analisis Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor ekonomi unggulan provinsi di Indonesia adalah sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan. Berdasarkan analisis Tipologi Klassen, terdapat 10 provinsi relatif tertinggal. Ketimpangan pendapatan antar provinsi di Indonesia periode 2013-2019 relatif tinggi dan cenderung mengalami kenaikan. Hasil analisis Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan memiliki hubungan positif.