Evaluasi dan Konseptual Strategi Pembinaan Praktik Farmasi Komunitas di Kota Medan

Abstract

Pharmaceutical practice standards are benchmarks used, especially pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical services. But this pharmaceutical practice has not been carried out by community pharmacy pharmacists. Pharmaceutical services are very dependent on the application of established practice standards. Therefore, revitalization efforts need to be made to meet the criteria of pharmaceutical practice in accordance with the applicable standards. This study aims to ensure that community pharmacy practice in Medan city and coaching efforts to restore pharmaceutical practices are in accordance with predetermined standards. This is a cross sectional descriptive research, using quistionnaires in Juni – September 2020. The research sample 105 pharmacist in community pharmacy taken by cluster random sampling. The results showed that the community pharmacy practice has not been running according to standards. The percentage of pharmacies with accreditation A was 67.6%, accredited B 21.0%, accredited C was 9.5%, and not accredited was 1.9%. While the percentage of very good category of pharmaceutical practice was only 20%, good category was 48%, just 21%, 9% less, and sub-standard criteria of 2%. Several factors play a role in determining the value of accreditation and pharmaceutical practice criteria after being statistically tested, namely the presence or absence of other jobs from pharmacists, pharmacy status, pharmacist's presence, and year of graduation from the pharmacist, with a significance < 0.05. Based on the explanation can be concluded that the practice community pharmacy in the city of Medan has not met the established pharmaceutical standards.

Standar praktik kefarmasian merupakan tolok ukur yang digunakan khususnya apoteker dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kefarmasian. Tetapi standar praktik kefarmasian tersebut belum dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh apoteker farmasi komunitas. Pelayanan kefarmasian sangat tergantung kepada penerapan standar praktik yang telah ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, upaya revitalisasi perlu dilakukan untuk memenuhi kriteria praktik kefarmasian yang sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi praktik farmasi komunitas di kota Medan dan upaya pembinaan untuk mengembalikan praktik kefarmasian sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif cross sectional menggunakan kuisioner bulan Juni - September 2020. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 105 apoteker di Apotek diambil secara Cluster Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik farmasi komunitas belum berjalan sesuai dengan standar. Persentase apotek dengan akreditasi A sebesar 67,6%, akreditasi B 21,0%, akreditasi C 9,5%, dan tidak terakreditasi sebesar 1,9%. Sedangkan persentase praktik kefarmasian kategori sangat baik 20%, kategori baik 48%, cukup 21%, kurang 9%, dan kriteria bawah standar sebesar 2%. Beberapa faktor yang berperan menentukan nilai akreditasi dan kriteria praktik kefarmasian setelah diuji secara statistik yaitu ada tidaknya pekerjaan lain dari apoteker, kehadiran apoteker, tahun lulus apoteker, dan status apotek dengan signifikasinya < 0,05. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik farmasi komunitas di kota Medan belum memenuhi standar kefarmasiaan yang telah ditetapkan.