Analisis Pengaruh Kegiatan Transportasi dan Beban Emisi Terhadap Konsentrasi Karbon Monoksida (CO), Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), dan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) di Udara Ambien Roadside (Studi Kasus : Gerbang Tol Amplas dan Gerbang Tol Tanjung Morawa)

Abstract

The high activity of the population in Medan City caused the high demand for transportation and facilities that support the transportation activities. This probelem can lead to decreased air quality and have a negative impact on residents around Belmera Toll Road. This research has been conducted for 3 days with the aim to know the influence of the number of vehicles based on fuel and emission rate on the concentration of CO, SO2 and NO2 at the gates of Toll Amplas and Tanjung Morawa. Measurement of this pollutant concentration sample using Midget Impinger tool and the calculation of the number of vehicles using manual counter tool. The results of the research obtained that tthe highest CO concentration was at the gate of Tanjung Morawa Toll at 447.06 μg /Nm3 and the lowest concentration was at the toll gate of Amplas at 95.40 μg / Nm3, the highest SO2 concentration was at the gate of Tanjung Morawa Toll at 97, 70 μg / Nm3 and the lowest concentration was at the Amplas toll gate at 5.97 μg / Nm3 and the highest NO2 concentration was at the Tanjung Morawa toll gate at 76.59 μg / Nm3 and the lowest concentration was at the Amplas Toll Gate at 16.33 μg / Nm3. From this research, based on the statistical test of correlation and regression, there was a very strong correlation between CO concentration on the number of vehicles based on the type of fuel with r = 0.88 and r2 = 77.5% and a very strong correlation between CO emission rate to CO concentration with r = 0.87 and r2 = 76.2%. In SO2 concentration there was a strong correlation between the number of vehicles based on fuel on SO2 concentration with r = 0.76 and r2 = 57.8% and a strong correlation between SO2 emission rate to SO2 concentration with r = 0.66 and r2 = 43 , 6%. For the correlation of NO2 concentration on the number of vehicles based on the type of fuel obtained a strong correlation with r = 0.67 and r2 = 45.4% and a strong correlation between NO2 emission rate with NO2 concentration with r = 0.67 and r2 = 45, 3%

Padatnya aktivitas penduduk di Kota Medan menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan transportasi dan sarana yang mendukung kegiatan transportasi tersebut. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan berubahnya kualitas udara perkotaan dan dapat berakibat buruk bagi penduduk sekitar Jalan Tol Belmera. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan selama 3 hari dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah kendaraan berdasarkan bahan bakar dan beban emisi terhadap konsentrasi CO, SO2 dan NO2 di gerbang Tol Amplas dan Tanjung Morawa. Pengambilan sampel konsentrasi pencemar ini menggunakan alat Midget Impinger dan pengambilan data jumlah kendaraan menggunakan alat manual counter. Hasil yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi CO tertinggi terjadi di gerbang Tol Tanjung Morawa Sebesar 447,06 μg/Nm3 dan konsentrasi terendah di gerbang tol Amplas sebesar 95,40 μg/Nm3, konsentrasi SO2 tertinggi terjadi di gerbang Tol Tanjung Morawa Sebesar 97,70 μg/Nm3 dan konsentrasi terendah di gerbang tol Amplas sebesar 5,97 μg/Nm3 dan konsentrasi NO2 tertinggi digerbang Tol Tanjung Morawa Sebesar 76,59 μg/Nm3 dan konsentrasi terendah di Gerbang Tol Amplas sebesar 16,33 μg/Nm3. Pada penelitian ini didapat korelasi yang sangat kuat antara konsentrasi CO terhadap jumlah kendaraan berdasarkan jenis bahan bakar dengan r = 0,88 dan r2 =77,5 % dan korelasi yang sangat kuat antara beban emisi CO terhadap konsentrasi CO dengan r = 0,87 dan r2 = 76,2 %. Pada konsentrasi SO2 didapat korelasi yang kuat antara jumlah kendaraan berdasarkan bahan bakar terhadap konsentrasi SO2 dengan r = 0,76 dan r2 = 57,8 % dan korelasi yang kuat antara beban emisi SO2 terhadap konsentrasi SO2 dengan r = 0,66 dan r2 = 43,6 %. Untuk hubungan konsentrasi NO2 terhadap jumlah kendaraan berdasarkan jenis bahan bakar didapat korelasi yang kuat dengan r = 0,67 dan r2 = 45,4% dan korelasi yang kuat antara beban emisi NO2 dengan konsentrasi NO2 dengan r= 0,67 dan r2 = 45,3%