Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Pembakaran terhadap Karakteristik Keramik Berpori, Berbasis Tanah Lempung dan Limbah Abu Sekam Padi

Abstract

Based on this research, clay and rice husk ash sre used as the raw materials of the porous ceramics . The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding rice husk ash as a mixture and ceramic combustion temperature on the mechanical and physical characteristic of ceramics in terms of dry shrinkage, burn shrinkage, hardness test and compressive strength test, as well as knowing the percentage of addition the rice husk ash and the best burning temperature of the ceramics. Soil clay and rice husk ash were characterized by (SEM-EDX) to analyze the microstructure and the substances, sieved using a 100 mesh sieve. The ceramics was casted using a hydraulic press, with a ratio of the mixture of clay and rice husk ash, 100: 0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50 (%) then left for 2 x 24 hours. The ceramics were burned in a furnace with temperature variations of 800⁰C, 850⁰C, 900⁰C. 950⁰C and 1000⁰C for 4 hours. Thr ceramics are characterized by physical properties (dry shrinkage and shrinkage), mechanical properties (hardness and compressive strength) and microstructure (SEM-EDX). The results of the characterization of dry and burnt shrinkage with the highest shrinkage value at the variation of raw material composition 90:10, hardness shows that the optimum composition variation occurs at 90:10 variation with the hardness value = 303.34 MPa and optimum compressive strength at 90:10 variation with the compressive strength value = 13.027 MPa. The results of characterization of the ceramic microstructure were visible pores that were formed with pore diameters 1 μm. As well as the elemental content, namely the element Carbon = 3.20%; Oxygen = 50.86%; Sodium = 1.58%; Aluminum = 12.07%; Silicon = 29.43%; Potassium = 1.36%; Iron 1.50%.

Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat keramik berpori dengan bahan baku tanah lempung dan abu sekam padi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan abu sekam padi sebagai bahan campuran dan suhu pembakaran keramik terhadap sifat mekanik dan sifat fisis keramik ditinjau dari susut kering, susut bakar, uji kekerasan dan uji kuat tekan, serta mengetahui persentase penambahan abu sekam padi dan suhu pembakaran terbaik pada keramik. Tanah lempung dan abu sekam padi dipreparasi kemudian dikarakterisasi mikrostruktur dan kandungan unsur (SEM-EDX), diayak menggunakan ayakan dengan ukuran 100 mesh. Sampel dicetak menggunakan hydraulic press, dengan perbandingan Variasi campuran bahan tanah lempung dan abu sekam padi yaitu 100:0 ; 90:10 ; 80:20 ; 70:30 ; 60:40 ; 50:50 (%) kemudian dibiarkan selama 2 x 24 jam. Sampel dibakar didalam tanur dengan variasi suhu 800oC, 850oC, 900oC.950oC dan 1000 oC selama 4 jam.Keramik dikarakterisasi sifat fisis (susut kering dan susut bakar) sifat mekanik (kekerasan dan kuat tekan) dan mikrostruktur. Hasil karakterisasi susut kering dan susut bakar dengan nilai penyusutan tertinggi pada variasi komposisi bahan baku 90:10, kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa variasi komposisi optimum terjadi pada variasi 90:10 dengan nilai kekerasan = 303,34 MPa dan kuat tekan optimum pada variasi 90:10 dengan nilai kuat tekan = 13,027 MPa. Hasil karakterisasi mikrostruktur keramikterlihat pori - pori yang terbentuk dengan diameter pori 1 μm. Serta kandungan unsur yaitu unsur Karbon = 3.20 %; Oksigen = 50.86% ; Sodium = 1.58% ; Alumunium = 12.07% ; Silicon = 29.43% ; Potassium = 1.36% ; Iron 1.50%.