Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Atopi dan Penyakit Alergi pada Anak

Abstract

Latar belakang Saat ini, terjadi peningkatan prevalensi atopi dan penyakit alergi bersamaan dengan obesitas dan overweight. Banyak penelitian tentang hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan atopi dan penyakit alergi, namun masih terbatas pada anak dengan hasil bervariasi. Tujuan menilai hubungan IMT dengan atopi dan penyakit alergi pada anak. Metode Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di SD Negeri 1, Kota Lhokseumawe, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam pada Juni 2012. Siswa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dinilai IMT, uji tusuk kulit dan kuesioner ISAAC. Analisis menggunakan uji X2 , Fisher exact test dan regresi logistik. Hasil Pada penelitian, didapatkan 160 subyek dengan 137 (85.6%) normoweight, 12 (7.5%) overweight dan 11 (6.9%) obesitas. Pada pemeriksaan uji tusuk kulit, hasil positif 44 (27.5%) dan negatif 116 (72.5%) subyek. Manifestasi alergi yang muncul adalah rinitis alergik (RA) 17 (10.6%), asma bronkhial 6 (3.8%) dan dermatitis atopik (DA) 3 (1.9%) subyek. Terdapat hubungan bermakna obesitas dengan terjadinya atopi (P=0.037, RP= 2.26, IK 95% 1.22- 4.19), tetapi jika riwayat keluarga atopi ikut dianalisis hubungan menjadi tidak bermakna. Terdapat hubungan bermakna obesitas dengan terjadinya asma bronkial (P=0.004 95%, RP= 8.3, IK 95% 1.54-44.57 dan RA (P= 0.015, RP= 4.49, IK 95% 1.71-11.80)). Hubungan bermakna ini tidak ditemukan pada overweight. Kesimpulan Terdapat hubungan bermakna IMT dengan atopi dan asma bronkhial serta RA pada obesitas, tetapi tidak pada overweight

Background. Nowadays, prevalence of atopy, allergic diseases, obesity and overweight show increasing. There were researches on association of body mass index (BMI) with atopy and allergic diseases, but studies were limited performed in children with conflicting results. Objective. To assess association of BMI with atopy and allergic diseases in children Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in SD Negeri 1, Lhokseumawe, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam in June 2012. Students matched inclusion and exclusion criteria were assesed for BMI, skin prick test and ISAAC questionnaire. Data analysis used X2, Fisher exact test and logistic regression. Results. Study was consisted of 137 (85.6%) normoweight, 12 (7.5%) overweight and 11 (6.9%) obesity. Skin prick test results were positive in 44 (27.5%) and negative in 116 (72.5%) subjects. Allergic manifestations were allergic rhinitis (AR) 17 (10.6%), bronchial asthma 6 (3.8%) and atopic dermatitis (AD) 3 (1.9%). There was a significant association of atopy in obesity compared with normoweight (P=0.037, RP= 2.26, 95% CI 1.22- 4.19), but if atopy family history was analyzed the association became nonsignificant. There was a significant association of obesity with bronchial asthma (P=0.004 95%, RP= 8.3, 95% CI 1.54-44.57) and AR (P= 0.015, RP= 4.49, 95% CI 1.71-11.80). The significant association was not found in overweight. Conclusion There were association of BMI with atopy, bronchial asthma and AR in obesity, but not in overweight.