Analisis Daya Tampung Limbah Organik Tambak Udang terhadap Daya Dukung Lingkungan di Perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Batubara (Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Medang Deras)

Abstract

ABSTRACT THE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC WASTE CAPACITY OF SHRIMP POND ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF BATUBARA DISTRICT (A Case Study in Medang Deras Subdistrict) The fishery activity in the ponds increase organic materials as Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the coastal waters. The capability of coastal waters to accept of organic the released depend on the volume of the water and the amount waste. This study was conducted in the coastal waters of Medang Deras Subdistrict, Batubara District from May to July 2011 by using survey method on the analysis of the analysis of organic waste capacity of shrimp pond on the environmental capacity in the coastal waters of Batubara District (a case study in Medang Deras Subdistrict). The coastal waters capacity is determined based on the capacity of coastal waters to retain organic waste and the volume of water in the coastal waters. The result of this study showed that the total amount of organic waste in the form of TSS disposed from the ponds with the area 3900 m2 to the coastal waters was 193.52 kg/day/ha, while from the ponds with the area of 4300 m2 , the total organic waste disposed was 248.4 kg/day/ha. The volume of water in the coastal waters was 15,451,902 m3 . This volume is still able to retain the organic waste from the pond but the load of the waste from the ponds minimizes the capacity of the coastal waters as waste receiver that the quality of water becomes less. Based on the volume of water in the coastal waters, the appropriate area of the pond to be operated is 128.8 hectares. To find out the influence of the activity of shrimp pond on the quality of coastal waters, several physical chemical parameters were observed at several observation stations such as the ones located at the estuaries, beaches, ocean, rearing ponds, reservoirs, and outlet ponds. The result of analysis showed that the parameters of turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), nitrite and phosphate have been beyond the threshold limit value of sea water quality standard for marine biota and fishery culture. Keywords: Organic Waste, Shrimp Pond, Carrying Capacity and Coastal Waters

ABSTRAK ANALISIS DAYA TAMPUNG LIMBAH ORGANIK TAMBAK UDANG TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KABUPATEN BATUBARA (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Medang Deras) Kegiatan perikanan tambak mengeluarkan air buangan yang mengandung bahan organik ke perairan pesisir, limbah organik ini dinyatakan dalam bentuk Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS). Kemampuan perairan pesisir menampung limbah organik dipengaruhi oleh volume air yang tersedia di pantai dan jumlah limbah organik yang dibuang dari tambak. Penelitian dilakukan di Perairan Kecamatan Medang Deras Kabupaten Batu Bara dari bulan Mei sampai Juli tahun 2011 tentang analisis daya tampung limbah organik tambak udang terhadap daya dukung lingkungan di perairan pesisir Kabupaten Batubara (studi kasus di Kecamatan Medang Deras) menggunakan metode survei. Daya dukung perairan ditentukan berdasarkan daya tampung perairan untuk menampung limbah organik dan volume air di pantai. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa total limbah organik dalam bentuk TSS yang dikeluarkan dari pertambakan ke perairan pesisir sebesar 193,52 kg/hari/ha dari luas tambak 3900 m2 sedangkan dari luas tambak 4300 m2 total limbah organik yang dikeluarkan sebesar 248,4 kg/hari/ha. Volume air yang tersedia di pantai sebesar 15.451.902 m3 Kata kunci : Limbah organik, tambak udang, daya dukung dan perairan pesisir . Volume air di pantai masih memungkinkan menampung limbah organik dari tambak namun beban limbah dari tambak tersebut mengurangi kemampuan perairan (daya tampung) sebagai penerima limbah sehingga terjadi penuruan kualitas air. Berdasarkan volume air di pantai, luas tambak yang layak dioperasikan adalah 128,8 ha. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas tambak udang terhadap kualitas perairan pesisir dilakukan pengamatan terhadap beberapa parameter fisik dan kimia di beberapa stasiun pengamatan seperti stasiun muara sungai, pantai, laut, kolam pembesaran, tandon dan outlet tambak. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter kualitas air yaitu kekeruhan, Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS), Nitrit dan pospat telah melampaui ambang batas persyaratan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut dan budidaya perikanan.