Analisis Hukum Putusan Pengadilan Agama yang Memutuskan Sertipikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Tidak Berkekuatan Hukum (Studi Kasus : Putusan Pengadilan Agama Tebing Tinggi No. 52/PDT.G/2008/PA-TTD JO. Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Sumatera Utara No. 145/PDT.G/2008 /PTA-MDN)
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Date
2011Author
Sarjono, Catur Muhammad
Advisor(s)
Yamin, Muhammad
Thaib, Hasballah
Kalo, Syafruddin
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Show full item recordAbstract
One of the rights and Obligations of Religious Court, according to Law
No.3/2008 on Religious Jurisdiction is making the ruling for the Moslems about
inheritance. This inheritance case is composed of the rulings about who will be the
heirs, about the inheritance, about the parties who will share the inheritance, about
the implementation of the allotment, about the potential dispute on the inheritance,
and about the real inheritance or the inheritance which is given to the wrong person
so that the real heir can have the right to claim a lawsuit to the Religious Court. The
revocation of land rights which becomes the dispute among the heirs can be caused
by the defect of the administration in issuing the directive of giving the land rights or
in implementing the Court’s ruling which has been final and conclusive. The court’s
ruling which decides that the land certificate is not final and conclusive will
administratively be followed up by the government; in this case, the National Land
Board which issues a directive of the revocation of the land certificate will eventually
revoke the directive of the land certificate itself. But, in reality, the National Land
Board refuses to revoke the land certificate which is based on the Religious Court’s
ruling.
This research was descriptive which was aimed to describe and analyze the
data which had been collected systematically, factually, and accurately regarding the
revocation of the land rights which was based on the Religious Court’s ruling. The
type of the research was legal normative; namely, a literature study with legal
approach, especially in studying regulations which were related to the revocation of
land rights. The method of the research was literature study and the analysis was
done qualitatively by using deductive method.
The result of the research showed that the problem of the revocation of land
rights which was about the case of inheritance was related to the competence of the
judicial administration. This was due to the difficulty in identifying jurisdiction
materials of the complaint because usually they comprised the combination of civil
aspects and State Administration. Besides that, there was the judge’s error in the
Religious Court in investigating and handing down a ruling about an inheritance
case when the land had its certificate. If the land which was in dispute did not have
any certificate, the Religious Court had the competence to pass the judgment on it.
On the other hand, if the land which was in dispute had already had its certificate,
the State Administrative Court had the competence to pass the judgment on it. The
land rights certificate has two sides: on the one hand, it is the Directive of State
Administration; on the other hand, it is an Affidavit of Civil Rights (ownership) of an
individual or a legal entity of the land. Therefore, there are two courts which have
the competence to investigate the case of the complaint about land certificate: Court
of General Jurisdiction and State Administrative Court. Salah satu tugas dan wewenang dari Pengadilan Agama sesuai UU No. 3 Tahun
2006 tentang Peradilan Agama memutus perkara antara orang-orang yang beragama
Islam mengenai masalah kewarisan. Bidang kewarisan ini meliputi penentuan siapa-siapa
yang menjadi ahli waris, penentuan harta peninggalan, penentuan bagian dari masing masing pihak dan melaksanakan pembagian tersebut. Jika terjadi perselisihan,
persengketaan mengenai harta peninggalan, harta warisan atau harta warisan yang
dikuasai orang lain yang bukan haknya, ahli waris dapat dan berhak mengajukan gugatan
kepada Pengadilan Agama. Pembatalan hak atas tanah yang menjadi objek sengketa
waris dapat dikarenakan cacat administrasi dalam penerbitan surat keputusan pemberian
hak atas tanah maupun untuk melaksanakan putusan Pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan
hukum tetap. Amar putusan Pengadilan Agama yang menyatakan sertipikat hak milik
atas tanah tidak berkekuatan hukum, secara administasi harus ditindaklanjuti oleh
Pemerintah, dalam hal ini Badan Pertanahan Nasional dengan mengeluarkan surat
keputusan pembatalan surat keputusan pemberian hak atas tanah yang serta merta
membatalkan sertipikat hak atas tanah. Namun kenyataannya, Badan Pertanahan
Nasional menolak membatalkan sertipikat hak milik atas tanah atas dasar putusan
Pengadilan Agama.
Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yaitu bertujuan untuk menggambarkan serta
menganalisis data yang diperoleh secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai
pembatalan hak atas tanah atas dasar putusan Pengadilan Agama. Jenis penelitian yang
digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian kepustakaan dengan
pendekatan perundang-undangan terutama untuk mengkaji peraturan-peraturan yang
berkaitan dengan pembatalan hak atas tanah. Metode pengumpulan data yang
dipergunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dan analisisnya dilakukan secara kualitatif
dengan menggunakan metode deduktif.
Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa persoalan pembatalan hak atas
tanah yang merupakan objek perkara waris terkait dengan kompetensi peradilan. Hal ini
disebabkan sulitnya mengidentifikasi yurisdiksi materiil gugatan karena biasanya
gabungan antara aspek perdata dengan aspek tata usaha Negara. Masih terdapat
kekeliruan Hakim di lingkungan Peradilan Agama dalam memeriksa dan memutus
perkara waris yang objek perkaranya berupa tanah yang sudah bersertipikat. Apabila
tanah yang menjadi objek perkara waris belum bersertipikat maka hal tersebut merupakan
kewenangan mengadili Pengadilan Agama, tetapi apabila tanah yang menjadi objek
perkara waris sudah bersertipikat maka menjadi kewenangan dari Pengadilan Tata Usaha
Negara. Sertipikat hak atas tanah memiliki sisi ganda, pada satu sisi sebagai Keputusan
Tata Usaha Negara (KTUN) dan di sisi lain sebagai Tanda Bukti Hak Keperdataan
(kepemilikan) seseorang atau badan hukum atas tanah. Oleh karena itu, ada 2 (dua) badan
peradilan yang berwenang memeriksa perkara dengan objek gugatan Sertipikat hak atas
tanah, yaitu Peradilan Umum dan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara.
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