Aktivitas Antidepresan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner): Peningkatan Aktivitas Lokomotor dan Penurunan Immobility Time terhadap Mencit

Abstract

Background: depression is a mental illness worth noting, because the impacts are huge, such as decreasing of work productivity and suicide. Coffee (Coffea canephora) is a plant of the family Rubiaceae. This plant has the potential to have antidepressant activity such as increasing psychomotor activity. Objective: to know the effectiveness of ethanol extract of Coffea canephora (EECC) as an antidepressant. Method: this was research consist of preparation ethanol extract of Coffea canephora (EECC) , furthermore characterization and phytochemical screening was carried out on simplicia and ethanolic extracts. The chronic mild stress (CMS) model was used in this research to cause depression for 14 days. EECC at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kgbw was given to the mice for 10 days, meanwhile the control positive group received sertraline at doses 0f 6,5 mg/kgbw. Antidepressant activity was identified by using the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT). increased locomotor activity, decreased immobility time, blood glucose levels, and ulcer score were evaluated throughout the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method using the SPSS programme followed by Post Hoc LSD test with a confidence level of 95%. Result: the result showed that immobility time (IT) was identified by TST method for EECC at doses 50 mg/kgbw significantly reduced IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 113,75±18,35, doses 100 mg/kgbw significantly decreased IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 100,75±16,13, and doses at 200 mg/kgbw significanlyt decreased IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 77,50±22,44. Meanwhile IT was identified by FST method for EECC at doses 50 mg/kgbw significantly decreased IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 151,75±18,98, doses 100 mg/kgbw significant decreased IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 132,50±18,67, and doses at 200 mg/kgbw significantly decreased IT duration (p<0,05) at average of 130,50±12,70. Furthermore the result of locomotor activity was identified by OFT method was evaluated by duration central square (CS) for EECC at doses 50 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 28,00±3,34, doses 100 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 29,75±4,31, and doses at 200 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 33,50±3,97. Meanwhile the result was evaluated by number of cross for EECC at doses 50 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 133,75±13,12, doses 100 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 139,50±24,09, and doses at 200 mg/kgbw significantly increased (p<0,05) at average of 142,75±17,97. The resulst was evaluated by duration of grooming for EECC at doses 50 mg/kgbw significantly decreased (p<0,05) at average of 21,33±8,09, doses 100 mg/kgbw significantly decreased (p<0,05) at average of 17,33±2,96, and doses at 200 mg/kgbw significantly decreased (p<0,05) at average of 15,67±4,70. Conclusion: ethanol extract of coffea canephora at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw are effective as antidepressants to increasing locomotor activity and decreasing immobility time of mice.