Pengaruh Kitosan terhadap Komponen Darah , Kadar Hemoglobin, Sgpt dan Sgot pada Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus L) yang dipapar Plumbum Asetat

Abstract

Environmental plumbum pollution has been caused by mining, industries which use lead and vehicle exhaust. Plumbum able to changes in the number of cellular component of blood (erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets), hemoglobin, and the levels of SGPT and SGOT. Chitosan is an antioxidant that can reduce or absorb of heavy metals. This study was determine the effect of chitosan on the number of cellular components of blood (erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets), hemoglobin, and the levels of SGPT and SGOT of rats. They were exposed by acetate plumbum for 7 weeks. The research has been done from January until june 2013 with complete random design, which consist of seven treatments (K= control; P1= acetate plumbum 40 mg and chitosan 0,5% for 5 weeks; P3= acetat plumbum 40 mg and chitosan 0,75% for 5 weeks; P4= acetate plumbum 40 mg and chitosan 1% for 5 weeks; P5= chitosan 1%; P6= acetate acid 1%) which each treatment had replications of rats. The giving of acetate plumbum is 0,5 ml and the concentration of chitosan are 0,5%, 0,75% and 1% orally. The result of research showed Pb-acetate affect the amount of blood component, hemoglobin levels and levels of SGPT and SGOT. The results of number erytrosites and Hb level in the treatment of P1-P4 decreased number erythrocyte and Hb level were significantly (p<0,05) in each treatment. The result of SGOT in the treatment of P1-P4 increased level of SGOT were significantly (p<0,05) in each treatment. The result of number of leucocytes and platelets had no significant effect (p<0,05) in each treatment. The giving of chitosan affect increased number of erythrocytes and level of Hb and decreased level of SGPT and SGOT. The concentration of chitosan can be protected normally the number of cellular component of blood (erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets), hemoglobin, and the levels of SGPT and SGOT of rats exposed by acetated plumbum is 1%

Pencemaran lingkungan oleh plumbum (Pb) antara lain diakibatkan oleh pertambangan, industri yang menggunakan Pb, dan asap kendaraan. Plumbum dapat mengakibatkan perubahan jumlah komponen seluler darah, kadar hemoglobin, serta kadar SGPT dan SGOT. Kitosan merupakan antioksidan yang dapat menurunkan atau menyerap logam berat sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kitosan terhadap jumlah komponen seluler darah, kadar Hb, serta kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang telah dipapar plumbum selama 7 minggu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari tujuh (7) perlakuan (K= Kontrol; P1= plumbum asetat 40 mg; P2= plumbum asetat 40 mg dan kitosan 0,5% selama 5 minggu terakhir; P3= plumbum asetat 40 mg dan kitosan 0,75% selama 5 minggu terakhir; P4= plumbum asetat 40 mg dan kitosan 1% selama 5 minggu terakhir; P5= kitosab 1%; P6= pelarut asam asetat 1%), masing-masing perlakuan memiliki ulangan 5 ekor tikus. Pemberian asetat sebanyak 0,5% dan kitosan dengan konsentrasi 1% secara oral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plumbum asetat mempengaruhi komponen darah, kadar Hb dan kadar SGPT dan SGOT. Jumlah eritrosit dan kadar Hb tikus pada perlakuan P1-P4 terjadi penurunan jumlah eritrosit dan Hb secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kadar SGOT pada perlakuan P1-P4 mengalami peningkatan secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Jumlah leukosit , trombosit dan SGPT tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (p>0,05) disetiap perlakuan. Pemberian kitosan dapat meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit dan kadar Hb dalam darah dan menurunkan kadar SGPT dan SGOT dalam darah. Konsentrasi kitosan yang dapat melindungi jumlah komponen darah normal, kadar Hb normal serta kadar SGPT dan SGOT normal tikus terhadap paparan plumbum adalah 1%.