Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Usahatani Udang Windu Organik dan Nonorganik (Studi Kasus : Batang Kilat Kota Medan Propinsi Sumatera Utara)

Abstract

This research was based on the trend of the people throughout the world, especially the people in Indonesia in consuming healthful food and free from dangerous chemical substance, which is known as organic food. One of the commodities of organic food is tiger prawn which is obtained from the organic cultivation of tiger prawn. The objective of the research was to analyze comparatively the income of tiger prawns organically and non-organically, viewed from the total production cost, farmers’ income, the value of R/C ratio, and to analyze some factors which the income of organic and non-organic tiger prawn abribusiness. The research was conducted at BatangKilat, Medan LabuhanSubdistrict, Medan, North Sumatera Province, from December, 2012 to August, 2013.The location of the research was determined by using purposive method, selected carefully according to the objective of the research. The samples were taken by using stratified random sampling technique with 60 respondents, 30 respondents in organic cultivation and 30 respondents in nonorganic cultivation respectively. It was concluded from the research that the average cost of each farmer of organic tiger prawns was lower that that of nonorganic tiger prawns, the income of farmers per hectare of organic tiger prawns was higher than that of nonorganic tiger prawns,and the R/C of organic tiger prawns was higher than that nonorganic tiger prawns. Simultaneously, the variables of the amount of production, area, cost of manpower, cost of shrimp fry, cost of food, cost of fertilizers/pesticides, price of commodities, and technology of agribusiness had significant influence on the variable of the income of agribusiness in organic and nonorganic tiger prawns. Partially, are, cost of manpower, cost of fertilizers/pesticides, price of commodities, and technology of agribusiness had significant influence on the variable of income, while the amount of production, cost of food, and cost of fertilizers/pesticidesdid not have any significant influence on the income of agribusiness in organic and nonorganic tiger prawns.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terjadinya perubahan trend masyarakat dunia khususnya masyarakat di Indonesia dalam hal mengonsumsi pangan yang lebih sehat dan terbebas dari bahan-bahan kimiawi berbahaya yang dikenal dengan istilah pangan organik. Dimana salah satu komoditas pangan organik adalah udang windu organik yang diperoleh dari budidaya udang windu secara organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis komparasi pendapatan usahatani udang windu organik dan nonorganik yang ditinjau dari segi total biaya produksi, pendapatan petani, nilai R/C ratio, dan juga menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usahatani udang windu organik dan nonorganik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2012-Agustus 2013 di Batang Kilat, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, yaitu daerah dipilih secara cermat, sehingga sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Metode pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan menggunakan metode stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 orang, 30 orang budidaya organik dan 30 orang budidaya nonorganik. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan : total biaya rata-rata per petani udang windu organik lebih rendah daripada udang windu nonorganik; pendapatan per ha dari petani udang windu organik lebih tinggi daripada udang windu nonorganik; R/C ratio udang windu organik lebih tinggi daripada R/C ratio udang windu nonorganik. Secara serempak variabel jumlah produksi, luas lahan, biaya tenaga kerja, biaya bibit/benur, biaya pakan, biaya pupuk/pestisida, harga komoditi dan teknologi usaha tani berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel pendapatan usahatani udang windu organik dan nonorganik. Sedangkan secara parsial, luas lahan, biaya tenaga kerja, biaya bibit/benur, harga komoditi dan teknologi usahatani berpengaruh nyata sedangkan jumlah produksi, biaya pakan dan biaya pupuk/pestisida tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan usahatani udang windu organik dan nonorganik.