Evaluasi In Vitro Efektifitas Antimikroba Gel Metronidazol Berbasis Alginat terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen Periodontal

Abstract

Background: Periodontal pathogens are complex and heterogeneous, at least 500 species of bacterial culture are obtained from the periodontal pocket. Generally, most of the identified bacteria are anaerobic negative-gram as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Provotela intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Metronidazole has been successfully used as an antimicrobial supporting the treatment of periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of alginate based metronidazole gel in inhibiting periodontal pathogenic bacteria growth with in vitro evaluation. Methods: alginate-based gel used in this study contain metronidazole 15% and 25%, and 25% metronidazole non alginate-based gel as comparison. The bacteria used were pure culture of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29 522), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33 277) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25 586) and cultured in Tryptic (Trypticase) Soy Agar (TSA) media. Results: The average diameter of inhibition zone of 15% metronidazole alginate based gel towards A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum bacteria were 15,33 mm, 35,67 mm and 19,33 mm, respectively. The average diameter of inhibition zone of common 25% metronidazole alginate based gel towards A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum bacteria were 16,67 mm, 51,67 mm and 18,00 mm, respectively. The average diameter of inhibition zone of 25% metronidazole non alginate based gel against A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum bacteria were 15,33 mm, 0 mm and 24,67 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The result suggested that 15% and 25% alginate based metronidazole gel has strong influence on A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum bacteria.

Latar Belakang: Patogen periodontal sangat kompleks dan heterogen, sedikitnya 500 spesies kultur bakteri yang di dapat dari poket periodontal. Umumnya kebanyakan bakteri yang diidentifikasi adalah anaerob Gram negatif seperti Porphyromonas gingivalis, Provotela intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Metronidazol telah berhasil digunakan sebagai antimikroba penunjang pada perawatan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektifitas gel metronidazol berbasis alginat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri patogen periodontal secara in vitro. Metode : Gel yang digunakan berbasis alginat mengandung metronidazol 15% dan 25%, serta menggunakan gel metronidazol 25% berbasis non alginat sebagai pembanding. Bakteri yang digunakan adalah biakan murni Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29522), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) dan Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586) dan dibiakkan dengan media Tryptic (Trypticase) Soy Agar (TSA). Hasil : Rerata diameter zona hambat gel metronidazol 15% berbasis alginat terhadap bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis dan F.nucleatum masing – masing 15,33 mm, 35,67 mm dan 19,33 mm. Rerata diameter zona hambat gel metronidazol 25% berbasis alginat terhadap bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis dan F.nucleatum yaitu masing-masing 16,67 mm, 51,67 mm dan 18,00 mm. Rerata diameter zona hambat gel metronidazol 25% berbasis non alginat terhadap bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis dan F.nucleatum yaitu masing - masing 15,33 mm, 0 mm dan 24,67 mm. Kesimpulan: Gel metronidazol 15% dan 25% berbasis alginat memiliki efektifitas yang kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis dan F.nucleatum.