Hubungan Status Nutrisi dengan Prestasi Akademik pada Remaja

Abstract

Background. Academic achievement of adolescents are influenced by many factors, such as, nutritional status, demographic and socio- economic. Malnutrition is considered as a problem that limited the ability of learning, and poor academic achievement. Objective. To investigate the correlation of nutritional status with academic achievement in adolescents. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 12 to 15-year-old junior high school students in Batubara, North Sumatera during January 2015. Nutritional status was determined by weight-for-height. Academic achievement was recorded from their school final examination results of school examination. Intelligence quotient (IQ) score was assessed by using Aptitude Test. Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation and Chi-Square test. Results. One hundred twenty-six subjects involved in this study. We found the mean of age, paternal and maternal education levels, monthly household income, nutritional status, and IQ score were 14.3 years old, senior high school grade education (37.3% and 36.5%), less than IDR 1 million (41.3%), normoweight (57.1%), and above average (85.7%), consecutively. There were no significant correlation between obesity, overweight, and mild-moderate malnutrition with academic achievement (P=0.693, r=-0.167; P=0.927, r=0.023; P=0.899, r=-0.025). There was a weak correlation of normoweight with academic achievement (P=0.003, r=0.342). There was no significant correlation between nutritional status with IQ score (P=0.540). Conclusions. There was a weak correlation of normoweight with academic achievement in adolescents.

Latar Belakang. Prestasi akademik remaja dipengaruhi beberapa faktor yaitu, status nutrisi, demografi dan sosial-ekonomi. Malnutrisi sebagai masalah yang membatasi kemampuan belajar, menyebabkan rendahnya prestasi akademik. Tujuan. Menilai hubungan status nutrisi dengan prestasi akademik pada remaja. Metode. Penelitian ini dengan studi sekat lintang, usia 12 sampai 15 tahun dilakukan di Kabupaten Batubara, Propinsi Sumatera Utara, selama Januari 2015. Status nutrisi dinilai dari pengukuran BB/TB. Prestasi akademik dinilai dari total nilai raport. Skor IQ dinilai dari Aptitude Test yang dilakukan tim Psikologi. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman dan Chi-Square. Hasil. Sebanyak 126 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pada penelitian ini didapati mean usia, pendidikan terakhir ayah dan ibu, pendapatan keluarga perbulan, status nutrisi dan tingkat intelegensi (IQ) yaitu 14.3 tahun, tamatan SMA (37.3% dan 36.5%), kurang dari Rp. 1 juta (41.3%), status nutrisi normal (57.1%), dan IQ rata-rata (85.7%). Terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara obesitas, overweight, dan malnutrisi ringan-sedang dengan prestasi akademik (P=0.693, r=-0.167; P=0.927, r=0.023; P=0.899, r=-0.025). Terdapat hubungan signifikan dengan korelasi lemah antara status nutrisi normal dengan prestasi akademik (P=0.003, r=0.342). Terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara status nutrisi dengan skor IQ (P=0.540). Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan signifikan dengan korelasi lemah antara status nutrisi normal dengan prestasi akademik.