Hubungan Makanan terhadap Migren pada Remaja

Abstract

Background Migraine is a common problem worldwide especially in adolescent and is usually chronic with frequent relapses.Therefore, any risk of headaches related to diet has important implications on migraineurs. However, very few are aware of the association between migraine and diet. Objective To study the association of dietary in adolescent migraine. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study on August until September 2009 in the Darussalam senior high school Medan, North Sumatera. Adolescent were 13 to 18 years old. Participants eligible for the diagnosis of migraine according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria were included in this study. Ninety respondents completed the questionnaire. The food observed were milk, chocolate, ice cream, cheese, bread, instant noodles, meat ball, sauce, sweetener, yoghurt, pizza, snack, and other foods and beverages. Chi square test was used in this study. Results A total of 90 participants, female had migraine more frequently (61.1%) than male. There were statistically significant association on migraine triggered by foods P = 0.045 (95%CI 0.59;0.79), and family history P = 0.043 (95%CI 0.46;0.66). Stress (P = 0.164), menstruation (P = 0.996), sound or light (P = 0.577) have no significant association with migraine. A wide variety of food and beverages had been implicated as migraine precipitants, the most common were sauce (75%), ice cream (71%), milk (71%), instant noodles (67.7%), chocolate (61%), peanuts (59.7%), cheese (54.8%) and meat ball (54.8%). Conclusion Food and family history of migraine had a significant association with the occurence of migraine in adolescents.

Latar belakang Migren merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai pada masyarakat umum khususnya pada remaja, biasanya bersifat kronik dan berulang. Setiap sakit kepala sangat penting dihubungkan dengan diet sebagai faktor pencetus migren. Namun masih sedikit diketahui hubungan diet dengan migren. Tujuan Untuk mengetahui hubungan makanan terhadap migren pada remaja. Metode Suatu penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di Medan, Sumatera Utara pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2009. Subyek adalah anak berusia 13 sampai 18 tahun yang menderita migren sesuai dengan International Headache Society (IHS). Data diperoleh dengan kuesioner dimana 90 responden menyelesaikan kuesioner secara lengkap. Jenis makanan yang diamati adalah susu, coklat, es krim, keju, roti, mie instan, bakso, saus, pemanis buatan, minuman fermentasi, pizza, snack, makanan dan minuman lainnya. Untuk mengetahui hubungan makanan terhadap migren digunakan uji kai kuadrat. Hasil Sebanyak 90 remaja mengikuti penelitian dimana wanita (61.1%) lebih sering mengalami migren dibandingkan laki-laki (38.9%). Secara statistik, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada makanan sebagai pencetus migren P = 0.045 (IK 95% 0.59;0.79) dan riwayat keluarga menderita migren P = 0.043 (IK 95% 0.46;0.66). Faktor pencetus stres P = 0.16, menstruasi P = 0.996, pengaruh cahaya atau suara P = 0.577 tidak berhubungan bermakna terhadap migren. Jenis makanan yang umum mencetuskan migren saus (75%), es krim (71%), susu (71%), mie instan (67.7%), coklat (61%), kacang (59.7%), keju (54.8%), bakso (54.8%). Kesimpulan Hubungan makanan dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita migren bermakna secara statistik terhadap serangan migren pada remaja.