Hubungan Antara Kebisingan Lingkungan Sekolah dengan Tekanan Darah pada Remaja
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Date
2015Author
Ihsani, Fadhilah
Advisor(s)
Ramayati, Rafita
Ali, Muhammad
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Background. The increasing prevalence of primary hypertension nowadays 
has motivated researchers to identify the influencing factors, one of which is 
noise. Many studies in adults, school-aged and preschool-aged children have
reported association between noise exposure and blood pressure, but none 
in adolescents.
Objective. To assess the influence of environmental noise around school on 
blood pressure in adolescents.
Methods. To identify noisy and quiet schools, mean noise level of 192 senior 
high schools in Medan were measured using sound level meter. From each 
category, one school was randomly selected (one noisy school and one quiet 
school with mean noise level of 70.4 and 52.2 dB, respectively). Blood 
pressure was measured using mercury sphygmomanometer. Body weight 
and height were obtained for body-mass-index calculation, along with 
questionnaire and parents interview regarding history of illnesses.
Results. Two-hundred-and-seventy-one adolescents (106 boys and 165 
girls) were included. Adolescents from noisy-school (n=136) had higher 
systolic and diastolic blood pressure (121.6 (SD 13.9) mmHg; P<0.001 and 
71.1 (SD 8.1) mmHg; P<0.001 respectively) than those (n=135) from quiet school (111.8 (SD 12.6) mmHg; P<0.001 and 63.8 (SD 8.0) mmHg; P<0.001, 
respectively). Genders, family history of hypertension, ethnics, height and 
body mass index were factors that were statistically significant beside noise.
After adjusting for other factors, noise had a significant moderate association 
with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.452, P=0.001 and β=0.473, 
P=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion. Environmental noise around school is associated with higher 
systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adolescents. Latar belakang. Meningkatnya prevalensi hipertensi primer dewasa ini telah 
mendorong beberapa peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang 
mempengaruhi, salah satunya adalah kebisingan. Beberapa studi telah 
melaporkan hubungan antara paparan kebisingan dan tekanan darah pada 
dewasa, anak usia sekolah dan pra-sekolah, namun studi pada remaja 
sampai sekarang belum ada.
Tujuan. Untuk menilai pengaruh kebisingan lingkungan sekolah terhadap 
nilai tekanan darah pada remaja.
Metode. Untuk mengidentifikasi sekolah bising dan sekolah tenang, tingkat 
kebisingan rerata 192 SMA di Medan diukur dengan sound level meter. Satu 
sekolah bising dan satu sekolah tenang dipilih secara acak (tingkat 
kebisingan rerata 70.4 dB dan 52.2 dB, berturut-turut). Tekanan darah diukur 
dengan sfigmomanometer air raksa. Berat badan ditimbang, tinggi badan 
diukur, pengisian kuisioner dan wawancara orang tua dilakukan untuk 
identifikasi faktor-faktor lain dan riwayat penyakit terdahulu.
Hasil. Remaja dari sekolah bising (n=136) memiliki tekanan darah sistolik 
dan diastolik yang lebih tinggi (121.6 (SD 13.9) mmHg; P<0.001 dan 71.1 (SD 
8.1) mmHg; P<0.001, berturut-turut) dibandingkan remaja (n=135) dari 
sekolah tenang (111.8 (SD 12.6) mmHg; P<0.001 dan 63.8 (SD 8.0) mmHg; 
P<0.001, berturut-turut). Jenis kelamin, riwayat orang tua hipertensi, suku, 
tinggi badan dan indeks massa tubuh adalah faktor yang secara statistik 
bermakna selain kebisingan. Setelah faktor-faktor lain dikontrol, kebisingan 
memiliki hubungan moderat yang bermakna dengan tekanan darah sistolik 
dan diastolik (β=0.452, P=0.001 dan β=0.473, P=0.001, berturut-turut).
Kesimpulan. Kebisingan lingkungan sekolah berhubungan dengan tekanan 
darah sistolik dan diastolik pada remaja.
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