Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Anti-Aging Minyak Zaitun (Olive Oil) Menggunakan Gliserol Hasil Produk Samping Transesterifikasi Minyak Goreng Bekas Sebagai Kosurfaktan

Abstract

Used cooking oil or waste cooking oil was oil that had repeatedly frying up to 2-4 times. People consider used cooking oil was harmful to health and just thrown away. However, this waste is very useful, it can be processed into glycerol from used cooking oil products to function as a cosurfactant to reduce interface tension. Therefore, it was combined with olive oil in a nanoemulgel preparation which has anti-aging properties. The research objective was to prove that the glycerol from used cooking oil byproducts had a function with commercial glycerol which functions as a cosurfactant in olive oil nanoemulgel preparations, is stable during storage, and had anti-aging activity. The research was carried out experimentally. Making glycerol used the transesterification process of used cooking oil. The results of the analysis using FTIR. Evaluation of glycerol includes organoleptic, glycerol content, specific gravity, viscosity, ash content, air content. Nanoemulgel preparations used various concentrations of surfactants and cosurfactants Tween 80: glycerol (34:26), (36:24), (38:22), added with carbopol 940 gel base. Evaluation of the preparation included organoleptic examination, homogeneity, emulsion type, and dispersibility, centrifugation, specific gravity, interfacial tension, particle size using a particle size analyzer (PSA), irritation testing, anti-aging activity (measuring pores, number of stains, wrinkles) used skin-analyzer. The results showed glycerol the product which had a wavelength of 3291 cm-1 in accordance with commercial glycerol 3291cm-1 indicated the presence of an OH (hydroxyl) group. The glycerol absorption bands of the by-products were 2933 and 2879cm-1, while the commercial glycerol 2931 and 2877cm-1 indicated the presence of aliphatic (alkyl) CH groups. Glycerol as a cosurfactant in olive oil nanoemulgel preparation is stable for 12 weeks of storage. This preparation is safe used because it doesn’t cause skin irritation because the pH obtained is still within the skin range, namely 4,5-8,0. Olive oil nanoemulgel preparations with glycerol cosurfactant as a by-product of used cooking oil have anti-aging activity with increased moisture (31,12%), reduced pores (54,54%), decreased number of stains (54,50%) and decreased wrinkles ( 54,54%). Based on the above explanation, it can ignore the glycerol as a byproduct of used cooking oil which has similar functional groups with commercial glycerol which functions as a cosurfactant in olive oil nanoemulgel preparations and had anti-aging activity.

Minyak goreng bekas atau minyak jelantah adalah minyak yang telah digunakan secara berulang-ulang hingga 2-4 kali penggorengan. Masyarakat menganggap minyak goreng bekas berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan dibuang begitu saja. Namun demikian, minyak ini sangat bermanfaat, dapat diolah menjadi gliserol hasil produk samping minyak goreng bekas berfungsi sebagai kosurfaktan untuk menurunkan tegangan antar muka. Oleh karena itu dikombinasi dengan minyak zaitun dalam sediaan nanoemulgel berkhasiat sebagai anti-aging. Tujuan penelitian membuktikan gliserol hasil produk samping minyak goreng bekas mempunyai kemiripan gugus fungsi dengan gliserol komersial yang berfungsi sebagai kosurfaktan dalam sediaan nanoemulgel minyak zaitun, stabil selama penyimpanan, serta memiliki aktivitas anti-aging. Penelitiaan dilakukan secara eksperimental. Pembuatan gliserol menggunakan proses transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan FTIR. Evaluasi gliserol meliputi organoleptis, kadar gliserol, bobot jenis, viskositas, kadar abu, kadar air. Sediaan nanoemulgel menggunakan variasi konsentrasi surfaktan dan kosurfaktan tween 80:gliserol (34:26), (36:24), (38:22), ditambahkan basis gel karbopol 940. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi pemeriksan organoleptis, homogenitas, tipe emulsi, stabilitas, pH, daya sebar, sentrifugasi, bobot jenis, tegangan antar muka, ukuran partikel menggunakan alat particle size analyzer (PSA), pengujian iritasi, aktivitas anti-aging (kelembaban, ukuran pori, jumlah noda, kerutan) menggunakan skin-analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gliserol hasil produk samping memiliki panjang gelombang 3291cm-1 sesuai dengan gliserol komersial 3291cm-1 menunjukkan adanya gugus OH (hidroksil). Pita serapan gliserol hasil produk samping 2933 dan 2879cm-1 sedangkan gliserol komersial 2931 dan 2877cm-1 menunjukkan adanya gugus CH alifatik (alkil). Gliserol sebagai kosurfaktan dalam sediaan nanoemulgel minyak zaitun stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu. Sediaan ini aman digunakan karena tidak menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit karena pH yang didapatkan masih dalam range kulit yaitu 4,5-8,0. Sediaan nanoemulgel minyak zaitun dengan kosurfaktan gliserol hasil produk samping minyak goreng bekas memiliki aktivitas anti-aging dengan peningkatan kelembaban (31,12%), pengecilan pori (54,54%), penurunan jumlah noda (54,50%) dan penurunan kerutan (54,54%). Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas dapat disimpulkan gliserol hasil produk samping minyak goreng bekas mempunyai kemiripan gugus fungsi dengan gliserol komersial berfungsi sebagai kosurfaktan dalam sediaan nanoemulgel minyak zaitun dan memiliki aktivitas anti-aging.