Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Maksimal terhadap Jumlah dan Hitung Jenis Leukosit pada Mencit (Mus musculus L) Jantan

Abstract

The Maximal Physical Activity (MPA) could increase ovygen intake in the active muscle cell, causing the formation of the free radical mhich is at high point could cause an increase in the number of leucocytes and influence the percentage of leucocytes count. The number of peripheral leucocytes could become the source of information for diagnostic and prognosis of organ damage and restoration after the physical activity. The aim of the research is of knowing the influence of the maximal physical activity on the number of leucocytes and specific count of the leucocytes cell. This research is experimental with the pretest-posttest group design. The subject of the research were male mice Mus musculus L, strain Balpsy, aged approximately 2-4 months, weighing in between 30-35 gram. The animals were received from Badan Penyidikan dan Pengujian Veteriner (BPPV). First the subject were given the maximal physical activity in the form of swimming as strongly as possible until almost sank. Then, a test of normality on data distribution was done, continued by the analysis of the data using the t test in pair (if the distribution of data was normal) or Wilcoxon test (when the distribution of the data was abnormal). The number of leucocytes before and after MPA (6338.10 ± 525.81–11542.86 ± 1084.70) increase significantly (p = 0.000). The increase also happened in specific count of leucocytes before and after MPA, lymphocytes (37.95 ± 2.94 – 59.95 ± 4.50) significantly (p = 0.000). A decline took place in specific count of the leucocytes before and after MPA, neutrophyl (57.19 ± 2.84 – 38.90 ± 4.34) significantly (p = 0.000), eosinophyl (1.52 ± 0.51 – 0.19 ± 0.4) significantly (p = 0.000), monocyte (3.19 ± 0.75 – 1.10 ± 0.44) significantly (p = 0.000), however, there was no change in the specific count of basophyl. MPA could increase the number of leucocytes and specific count of the lymphocytes significantly, and MPA could lower specific count of neutrophly, eosinophyl and monocyte significantly, where as the specific count of basophyl did not show any difference.

Aktifitas Fisik Maksimal (AFM) dapat meningkatkan ambilan oksigen pada sel otot yang aktif, menimbulkan pembentukan radikal bebas yang pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah leukosit dan mempengaruhi persentase hitung jenis leukosit. Jumlah leukosit perifer dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk diagnostik dan prognosa adanya gambaran kerusakan organ dan pemulihan setelah aktifitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktifitas fisik maksimal terhadap jumlah leukosit dan hitung jenis sel leukosit. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest-posttest group design. Subyek penelitian adalah mencit jantan Mus musculus L, strain Balpsy, berumur kira-kira 2 – 4 bulan dengan berat badan antara 30 – 35 gram. Hewan coba diperoleh dari Badan Penyidikan dan Pengujian Veteriner (BPPV) Medan. Pada subyek diberikan aktifitas fisik maksimal berupa renang sekuat-kuatnya sampai hampir tenggelam. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji normalitas distribusi data, kemudian dilanjutkan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan (jika distribusi data normal) atau Wilcoxon (bila distribusi data tidak normal). Terjadi peningkatan jumlah leukosit sebelum dan setelah AFM (6338.10 ± 525.81–11542.86 ± 1084.70) secara signifikan (p = 0.000). Terjadi peningkatan hitung jenis leukosit sebelum dan setelah AFM, limfosit (37.95 ± 2.94 – 59.95 ± 4.50) secara signifikan (p = 0.000). Terjadi penurunan hitung jenis leukosit sebelum dan setelah AFM, neutrofil (57.19 ± 2.84 – 38.90 ± 4.34) secara signifikan (p = 0.000), eosinofil (1.52 ± 0.51 – 0.19 ± 0.4) secara signifikan (p = 0.000), monosit (3.19 ± 0.75 – 1.10 ± 0.44) secara signifikan (p = 0.000), sedangkan hitung jenis basofil tidak terjadi perubahan. AFM dapat meningkatkan jumlah leukosit dan hitung jenis limfosit secara signifikan dan AFM dapat menurunkan hitung jenis neutrofil, eosinofil dan monosit secara signifikan, sedangkan hitung jenis basofil tidak ada perubahan.