Hubungan Screentime dengan Status Obesitas pada Remaja

Abstract

Background. The high prevalence of obesity in adolescents underscores the importance of monitoring trends in screen time defined as time exposure to television/ video, computer games, and cell-phone. Objective. To determine the association between screen time and obesity status in adolescent students in Medan. Method. We conducteda cross-sectional study from March to June 2014 in Mulia, Pencawan, and Immanuel private schools, North Sumatera. There were 255 participants aged between 12 to 17 years old who were collected by simple random sampling and categorized as obese and non-obese according to age-adapted Body Mass Index (BMI). Data on screen exposure to television/ video, computer games, and cell-phone usage, as well as total screen time was collected by questionnaire. Physical activity (PA) level was scored with a series of 5 questions with four possible weighted-answers. Dietary intake was identified using food recall and calories was calculated with Nutrisurvey 2007. Data was analysed with Chi Square, Mann Whitney, Fisher’s Exact,Spearman’s correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. Results. Subjects included in this study were 212 (83%) non obese and 43 (17%) obese. Higher family income was associated with higher BMI. Total screen time, as well as exposure to television/ video, computer games, and cell-phone usage of ≥ 2 hours/day, were associated with obesity (p=0.0001). PA level was also associated with obesity (p= 0.011). However, no association between screen time and PA was found. There was a strong correlation (r= 0.609; p=0.0001) between total screen time on weekends and BMI, but very weak correlation (r=0.127; p=0.042) between dietary intake and BMI. Participants with minimal PA, were 3 times more likely to be obese than moderately to vigorously active youth (OR=3.003; 95%CI=1.382-6.525). Conclusion. Screentime is associate with obesity in adolescents, so do PA and calories intake. Amongs all, PA has the strongest correlation with obesity in adolescents.

Latar belakang. Tingginya prevalensi obesitas pada remaja mendasari pentingnya pemantauan terhadap tren screentime, yang meliputi lama menonton televise/ video, bermain game di komputer, dan telepon genggam. Tujuan. Menentukan hubungan antara screentime dan status obesitas pada remaja sekolah di kotamadya Medan. MetodePenelitian cross sectional dilakukan pada Maret sampai Juni 2014 di sekolah swasta Mulia, Pencawan, dan Immanuel di kotamadya Medan, Sumatera Utara. 255 remaja berusia 12 sampai 17 tahun dikumpulkan secara simple random sampling dan dikategorikan sebagai obesitas dan non obesitas menurut Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) sesuai usia. Data paparan media seperti televisi/ video, game komputer, telepon genggam, dan total screentime dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner. Tingkatan aktivitas fisik dinilai dengan 5 pertanyaan dengan 4 kemungkinan tingkatan jawaban. Asupan makanan diidentifikasi menggunakan food recall dan total kalori dihitung dengan perangkat lunak Nutrisurvey 2007. Data di analisis dengan uji Chi Square, Mann Whitney, Fisher’s Exact,Spearman’s correlation, dan analisis multivariat logistik regresi. Hasil. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 212 (83%) non obesitas dan 43 (17%) obesitas. Semakin tingi pendapatan keluarga maka IMT akan lebih besar. Total screentime, serta paparan televise/ video, game di komputer, dan telepon genggam ≥ 2 jam / hari, berhubungan dengan obesitas (p = 0,0001). Kurangnya aktivitas fisik juga berhubungan dengan obesitas (p = 0,0001). Namun screentime tidak berhubungan dengan tingkatan aktivitas fisik. Terdapat korelasi kuat antara total screentime pada akhir minggu dengan IMT (r = 0,609 ; p = 0,0001), tapi korelasi sangat lemah antara total asupan makanan dan IMT (r = 0,127 ; p = 0,042). Remaja dengan aktivitas fisik yang minimal, 3 kali cenderung menjadi obes dibandingkan remaja yang aktif ( OR = 3,003 ; 95 % CI = 1,382-6,525). Kesimpulan. Screentime berhubungan dengan status obesitas pada remaja, begitu juga tingkatan aktivitas fisik dan total asupan makan. Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi obesitas adalah aktivitas fisik