Pengaruh Latihan Fisik terhadap Tekanan Darah Anak Obes di Kotamadya Medan

Abstract

Background. Obesity is the important risk factor to happen some diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetic mellitus or psycosocial problems. Obese children have three folded tendency to suffer from hypertension compared to non obese children. Physical training will alter the decrease of body weight that if it reaches normal body weight it is helped that the blood pressure becomes normal. Objectives. To determine the effect of physical training to the blood pressure of obese children in three private primary schools in Medan city, North Sumatera province Methods. The research is desain of the one group pre- test post-test experimental study in 3 private primary schools in Medan city for the duration July - September 2006. The sample taking is carried out by the consecutive sampling. The sample are given physical training with treadmill running for 8 minutes in three times in a week for 3 months. Result. From 50 students it is known that the Body Mass Index (BMI) 27,40% which percentile > 95 according to CDC ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention) by WHO. The average of systolic blood pressure pre test and post test is 107,52 mmHg and 105,60 mmHg. The diastolic pressure is 75,40 mmHg and 73,68 mmHg. Therefore the average of body weight is 53,27 kg and 53,19 kg. The average of body height is 139,258 cm and 139,264 cm. BMI decrease becomes 27,36 % and it had significant difference (p = 0,014). The significantly of difference had decrease of systolic blood pressure (p = 0,02), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0,007) and body weight (p = 0,021), respectively whereas for body height had not significant difference (p = 0,08). Conclusions. Physical training 8 minutes by treadmill 3 times in a week for 3 month has an effect to decrease the body weight and blood pressure for obese children.

Latar belakang. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko yang penting untuk terjadinya penyakit-penyakit, antara lain: hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe 2 maupun masalah psikososial. Anak obes memiliki kecenderungan tiga kali lipat untuk menderita hipertensi dibanding dengan anak yang tidak obes. Latihan fisik akan mempercepat penurunan berat badan sehingga bila mencapai berat badan normal diharapkan tekanan darah menjadi normal. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik terhadap tekanan darah anak obes di 3 SD Swasta Kotamadya Medan Metode. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental pre test- post test satu kelompok di 3 SD Swasta Kotamadya Medan pada rentang bulan Juli - September 2006. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan secara consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 50 orang sampel diberi latihan fisik dengan berlari di atas treadmill selama 8 menit dalam waktu 3 x seminggu selama tiga bulan. Hasil. Dari 50 orang sampel didapatkan rerata indeks massa tubuh (IMT) 27,40% (di atas kurva persentil 95) menurut Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WHO. Rerata tekanan darah sistolik pre test dan post test adalah 107,52 mmHg dan 105,60 mmHg. Tekanan darah diastolik 75,40 mmHg dan 73,68 mmHg. Sementara rerata berat badan adalah 53,27 kg dan 53,19 kg. Rerata tinggi badan 139,26 cm dan 139, 25 cm. IMT menurun menjadi 27,36% dan berbeda bermakna (p= 0,014). Perbedaan bermakna ditemui pada penurunan tekanan darah sistolik (p = 0,002) dan diastolik (p = 0,007) serta berat badan (p = 0,021), sedangkan untuk tinggi badan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,08) Kesimpulan. Latihan fisik 8 menit dengan berlari di atas treadmill 3 x seminggu selama 3 bulan mempunyai pengaruh untuk menurunkan tekanan darah dan berat badan pada anak obes.