Evaluasi dan Model Matematis Kebutuhan Parkir di Pasar Kota Medan

Abstract

In general, market center has its own characteristic such as crowded visitors and traffic jam due to the existence of the parking vehicles on the road. From preliminary survey on several markets it was found the parking space in the parking area of the market are not full yet, however, there have been a lot of vehicles park on half of the street park which resulting in the side resistance of the traffic stream. As a result, it will cause disturbance in the traffic flow fluency. The objective of this research is to evaluate the parking condition by comparing the requirement and the availability of parking space, the available existing parking space and the one in accordance with the state regulation, the excessive of on street parking, and to generate the mathematical model of the relationship of the parking need and the physical infrastructure of the market and the parking demand due to the trading goods group and the number of households in the vicinity of the market. The evaluation of the parking need is used to manage the parking system, and the mathematical model of parking need is used to predict the parking demand. The parking need generated from the difference between the cumulative amounts of the vehicles enter to and exit from the parking area at equal time interval. The cumulative amounts of the vehicles enter to and exit from the parking area are enumerated from every vehicle’s police number enter to and exit from the parking area within period of 15 minutes. The availability of parking area is determined by measuring effective area of parking space. The available area of parking space is determind based on the Keputusan Dirjen Hubda No.272/HK.105/DR/96. The excessive parking is calculated by the difference between the required parking and the readily available parking space. The number of on the street parking is determined by the survey result. The mathematical model of parking need was analyzed by using SPSS 15.0. Program. Based on the evaluation result it was concluded that: The state market of Bhakti and Sei Sikambing, parking space is bigger than the available parking area, with value of 122 % and 105 % accordingly. At the state market of Halat and Titi Kuning the ratio of parking requirement and available parking area are 48 % and 34 %. The state maket of Bhakti, Halat, Sei Sikambing, and Titi Kuning, the ratios are smaller than the one issued by the state regulation, with value of 10.8 %, 16.9 %, 13.2%, and 35.4 % (accordingly). The on street parking on the market of Bhakti, Halat and Sei Sikambing are larger than the excessive parking with value of 13.3 srp>4.3 srp; 5.3 srp>-16.3 srp; 20.0 srp > 1.5 srp, however, in the market of Titi Kuning there is no excessive and on the street parking. The mathematical relationship with level of significance α = 0.05 between the parking need (y) and the width of the market infrastructure area (x1-x7), is the linear regression equation, y = 10.185 + 0.405 x4, where x4 is the ratio between the area of designated and the total area of the market building exist in the county, and the mathematical relationship of the varieties good market and the number of household as an independent variable. There is no significant regression equation.

Secara umum pasar memiliki ciri yang khas yaitu kerumunan pengunjung dan kemacetan arus lalu-lintas, kemacetan arus lalu lintas merupakan akibat dari parkir yang berada di badan jalan. Pengamatan pendahuluan diketahui bahwa pelataran parkir belum penuh, tetapi di badan jalan sudah terdapat parkir, parkir di badan jalan akan menambah hambatan samping arus lalu lintas, dengan tambahnya hambatan samping maka kelancaran arus lalu lintas akan terganggu dan dalam batas tertentu akan terjadi kemacetan arus lalulintas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi kondisi parkir dengan cara membandingkan antara kebutuhan dengan ketersediaan pelataran parkir, ketersediaan pelataran parkir dengan ketersediaan pelataran parkir sesuai peraturan, luapan parkir dengan parkir di badan jalan, membuat hubungan matematis antara kebutuhan parkir dengan prasarana phisik pasar dan kebutuhan parkir dengan kelompok jenis barang dagangan serta jumlah rumah tangga yang berdomisili di sekitar pasar se Kecamatan. Evaluasi kondisi parkir bermanfaat untuk menata sistem perparkiran dan model matematis kebutuhan parkir bermanfaat untuk memprediksi kebutuhan parkir. Kebutuhan parkir dihitung dengan menselisihkan antara kumulatif kendaraan masuk dengan keluar parkir pada interval waktu yang sama. Kumulatif parkir masuk dan keluar diperoleh dengan cara mencatat setiap nomer pelat kendaraan yang masuk dan keluar parkir per 15 menit. Ketersediaan pelataran parkir diperoleh dengan cara mengukur areal parkir efektif. Ketersediaan parkir sesuai Keputusan Dirjen Hubda No. 272/HK.105/DRJD/96. Luapan parkir dihitung dengan menselisihkan antara kebutuhan dengan ketersediaan parkir. Parkir di badan jalan didapat dari hasil survei. Model hubungan matematis kebutuhan parkir dianalisis dengan program SPSS 15.0. Hasil evaluasi parkir dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Pasar Bhakti dan Sei Sikambing kebutuhan parkir lebih besar dari ketersediaan pelataran parkir yaitu: 122 % dan 105 % dari pelataran parkir tersedia. Pasar Halat dan Titi Kuning kebutuhan parkir lebih kecil dari ketersediaan pelataran parkir yaitu: 48 % dan 34 % dari pelataran parkir tersedia; Pasar Bhakti, Halat, Sei Sikambing, Titi Kuning ketersediaan pelataran parkir lebih kecil dari ketersediaan pelataran parkir sesuai peraturan yaitu: 10,8 %; 16,9 %; 13,2 %; 35,4 % dari ketersediaan parkir sesuai peraturan; Pasar Bhakti, Halat, Sei Sikambing parkir di badan jalan lebih besar dari luapan parkir yaitu: 13,3 srp > 4,3 srp; 5,3 srp > -16,3 srp; 20,0 srp > 1,5 srp, Pasar Titi Kuning tidak terdapat luapan parkir maupun parkir di badan jalan. Hubungan matematis dengan tingkat akurasi 95% (level of significance α : 0,05) antara kebutuhan parkir (y) dengan luas prasarana pasar (x1-x7), adalah persamaan regresi Linear, y = 10,185 + 0,405x4 , x4 adalah perbandingan antara luas bangunan pasar yang ditinjau terhadap total luas bangunan pasar se Kecamatan dimana pasar berada. Hubungan matematis kebutuhan parkir dengan jumlah kelompok jenis barang dagangan dan jumlah rumah tangga sebagai variabel bebas, tidak terdapat persamaan regresi yang signifikan