Proporsi Kaninus Maksila yang Diprediksi Impaksi Berdasarkan Analisis Foto Panoramik Pasien Berumur 9-12 Tahun di Klinik RSGMP – FKG USU

Abstract

Maxillary canine impaction is a frequently found dental anomaly. Orthodontics is important to know the possibility whether or not canine will experience impaction. Among the diagnostic procedures to predict the canine which is potential to experience impaction is a routine panoramic radiography examination of mixed teeth. Many previous methods were used to predict canine impaction. In this study, prediction was conducted based on sector measurement, angulations, antero-posterior position of canine root apex and vertical canine crown hight based on panoramic photo analysis in the patients of 9 – 12 years old. The purpose of this study was to find out the proportion of predicted maxillary canine impaction based on the four variables above, which factor that had the biggest proportion when measuring the four variables, and to find out whether or not there was different proportion of predicted maxillary canine impaction between boys and girls. This is an observational study with cross-sectional approach. The samples were 70 panoramic photographs consisting of 35 photographs belonged to the boy patients and 35 belonged to the girl patients of 9 – 12 years old respectively. Of the 70 samples, 21 samples (30%) were 9 years old, 27 (38.57%) were 10 years old, 14 (20%) were 11 years olds and 8 (11.42%) were 12 years old. cephalometric action was done twice (2 times) and then all of the data were recorded by means of SPSS program. The result of this study showed that most of the canine did not have potential impaction. 109 teeth (87.2%) were located at sector 1, and 16 teeth (12.8%) had potential for impaction. Based on sector measurement, it was found out that 16 teeth were predicted to have impaction which was spread at sector 2 and sector 4. The proportion based on the angulations, only 12 teeth (subjects) (9.6%) which were located at sector 2, and 4 teeth (subjects) (3.2%) were located at sector 4, meaning that there were 16 teeth (12.8%) which were predicted to have impaction based on angulations evaluation. The existence of different proportion of canines which were potential for impaction based on the measurement of antero-posterior position of canine root- apex showed that only 1 tooth (0.8%) which was predicted to have impaction while the position of vertical canine crown hight in proportion which was predicted to have impaction was 26.4%, meaning there were 33 teeth of 125 teeth (subjects) which were predicted to have impaction. Of the total evaluation, it was found out that the proportion of predicted canine impaction was 34.4% or 43 teeth experiencing impaction of 125 teeth (subjects), and there were 82 teeth (65.6%) of the predicted teeth proportion which did not experience impaction. In this study, it was found out that, of the four parameters measured, the position of vertical canine crow nhight in direction had the biggest proportion. Different proportion of canine impaction between the boys and the girls showed that the proportion of canine impaction of the girls was higher (17.6%) compared to that of the boys (16.8%).

Impaksi kaninus maksila merupakan anomali gigi yang sering ditemui. Ortodontis penting untuk mengetahui kemungkinan kaninus akan mengalami impaksi atau tidak. Di antara prosedur diagnostik untuk memprediksi kaninus yang berpotensi mengalami impaksi yaitu pemeriksaan radiografi panoramik rutin dari gigi bercampur.Banyak metode penelitian terdahulu memprediksi impaksi kaninus. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pengukuran sektor, angulasi, posisi antero-posterior apeks akar kaninus dan mahkota kaninus dalam arah vertikal berdasarkan analisis foto panoramik pasien berumur 9-12 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi kaninus maksila yang diprediksi impaksi berdasarkan keempat variabel diatas, faktor mana yang paling besar proporsinya pada pengukuran ke-empat variabel tersebut dan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan proporsi kaninus maksila yang diprediksi impaksi antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Rancangan penelitian berbentuk observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah 70 sample foto panoramik, terdiri dari 35 pasien laki-laki dan 35 pasien perempuan berumur 9-12 tahun, Dari jumlah tersebut sampel berumur 9 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (30% ), berumur 10 tahun sebanyak 27 orang atau ( 38,57%), sampel berumur 11 tahun sebanyak 14 orang (20%) dan sampel berumur 12 tahun sebanyak 8 orang (11,42 %), lalu dilakukan penapakan sefalometri dilakukan 2 kali, kemudian melakukan pencatatan semua data, melalui program SPSS. Pada hasil penelitian ini sebagian besar kaninus tidak memiliki potensi impaksi, sebanyak 109 gigi terletak pada sektor 1 atau sebesar 87,2%, dan yang memiliki potensi untuk impaksi hanya sebesar 16 gigi atau sebesar 12,8 %. Berdasarkan pengukuran sektor didapati bahwa sebanyak 16 gigi diprediksi impaksi ang tersebar pada sektor 2 dan 4. Proporsi kaninus berdasarkan angulasi hanya 12 subyek gigi (9,6%) terletak pada sektor 2 dan 4 subyek gigi (3,2%) terletak pada sektor 4, artinya terdapat 16 gigi (12,8%) yang diprediksi impaksi berdasarkan penilaian angulasi.Adanya perbedaan proporsi kaninus yang berpotensi impaksi berdasarkan pengukuran posisi antero- posterior apeks akar gigi menunjukkan hanya 0,8 %, atau hanya 1 gigi yang diprediksi impaksi sedangkan posisi mahkota kaninus dalam arah vertikal proporsi kaninus yang diprediksi impaksi sebesar 26,4 % artinya bahwa terdapat sejumlah 33 gigi dari 125 subyek gigi yang diprediksi impaksi. Pada penilaian keseluruhan didapat proporsi kaninus yang diprediksi impaksi 34,4% atau sejumlah 43 gigi yang mengalami impaksi dari 125 subyek gigi, dan didapat 82 gigi atau 65,6% proporsi gigi yang diprediksi tidak mengalami impaksi. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dari keempat parameter yang diukur yang paling besar proporsinya adalah posisi mahkota kaninus dalam arah vertikal. Perbedaan proporsi impaksi kaninus antara anak laki laki dan perempuan menunjukkan bahwa anak perempuan lebih tinggi proporsi impaksi kaninus sebesar 17,6% diandingkan anak laki-laki sebesar 16,8%.