Hubungan antara Frekuensi dan Intensitas Sakit Perut Berulang pada Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Abstract

Background. Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common chronic pain syndrome and a public health problem in children. The incidences of RAP on school-age children in developing countries was 10-12%. Chronic pain will affect all aspects of his life, including his intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional, social and school life of the child. Objective. To evaluate the association between frequency and intensity of recurrent abdominal pain in school-age children with intelligence quotient (IQ) Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2014. The subjects were 9 until 16 years old children with recurrent abdominal pain. Diagnosis of RAP depend on red flag anamneses and physical diagnostic. And intelligence quotient (IQ) evaluated by using Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) by a clinic psychologist. Results. Total 100 children was recruited in this study, 55 were boys and 45 were girls. The mean age were 12,81 (2,89) years. The most subjects were in level IX (24 %). The most frequency of pain was ≤ 2 times per weeks with the classification of IQ were average (53,1%). The most intensity of pain were in a moderate level and the classification of IQ were average (42,7%). We found association between frequency and intensity of recurrent abdominal pain with intelligence quotient notice at P= 0,492 and 0,700. Conclusion. There was not association between frequency and intensity of recurrent abdominal pain in school-age children and intelligence quotient (IQ).

Latar Belakang. Sakit perut berulang (SPB) merupakan salah satu sindroma umum nyeri kronis dan menjadi masalah kesehatan pada anak. Insiden SPB pada anak usia sekolah di negara berkembang 10-12%. Nyeri kronis akan berdampak terhadap seluruh aspek kehidupan anak termasuk kecerdasannya atau intelligence quotient (IQ), emosi, kehidupan sekolah dan sosial anak. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara frekuensi dan intensitas sakit perut berulang pada anak usia sekolah dengan intelligence quotient (IQ). Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di kota Medan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2014. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 9-16 tahun yang menderita sakit perut berulang (SPB). Diagnosis sakit perut berulang ditegakkan berdasarkan red flag anamneses dan pemeriksaan fisik. Intelligence quotient (IQ) dinilai dengan menggunakan alat uji Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) oleh seorang psikolog. Hasil. Terdapat 100 anak yang mengikuti penelitian ini, 55 orang anak laki laki dan 45 orang anak perempuan. Usia rerata 12,81 (2,89) tahun. Yang terbanyak adalah anak yang duduk di kelas IX yaitu sebanyak 24 orang (24%). Frekuensi nyeri yang terbanyak adalah ≤ 2 kali perminggu dengan IQ terbanyak pada golongan rata-rata (53,1%). Penilaian intensitas nyeri yang terbanyak adalah nyeri sedang dengan IQ juga terbanyak pada golongan rata-rata (42,7%). Hubungan antara frekuensi dan intensitas sakit perut berulang terhadap tingkat IQ anak didapatkan dengan P= 0,492 dan 0,700. Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi dan intensitas sakit perut berulang pada anak usia sekolah dengan intelligence quotient (IQ).