Perilaku Anak Sekolah Dasar yang Menderita Anemia Defisiensi Besi Setelah Pemberian Terapi Besi

Abstract

Backgrounds. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia worldwide, especially in developing countries. There were some studies about the association between ron status and behavior, but it is still controversial. Objectives. To investigate whether iron therapy has an effect on behavior of children with Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Method. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Labuhan Batu on November 2006-April 2007. Iron Deficiency Anemia was defined as Hb < 12gdl, MCHC < 31%, RDW index > 220 and Mentzer index > 13. Elementary school children (6- 12 years old ) with IDA were randomly assigned to treatment group with a daily therapy of 6 mg iron/kg/day or placebo group for three months. The behavior were evaluated with Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) before and six months after intervention. Results. After months, 110 children completed the therapy. Before intervention, there were 14 children had total T scores>60. All those children also had T scores>60 for social problems and 12 of them had T scores>60 for attention problems. After intervention, 6 of them had total T scores<60. Four of them got iron therapy. There was no significant difference on score between iron and placebo group after intervention There was statistically significant decreased on extenalizing, total problems and attention problem score of treatment group with iron after intervention (p<0.05) and there was no significant deacresed in placebo groups. Conclusion. There was significant decreased on externalizing, total problems and attention problem scores in treatment group with iron.

Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan bentuk anemia yang paling sering ditemukan di dunia, terutama di negara yang sedang berkembang. Terdapat sejumlah penelitian tentang hubungan antara status dengan perilaku, tetapi hal-hal ini masih berupa kontroversi. Tujuan. Untuk mengelahui pengaruh pemberian terapi terhadap perilaku anak sekolah dasar yang menderita ADB. Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Bilah Hulu, pada bulan November 2006 April 2007. ADB ditegakkan bila ditemukan kadar Hb<12 g/dl, MCHC<31%, Indeks RDW>220 dan Indeks Mentzer (RBC/MCV)>13. Murid sekolah dasar (6 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian dan secara acak dibagi atas kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan terapi besi 4-6 mg/kg/hari atau kelompok plasebo Terapi điberikan selama 3 bulan Orang tua diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) sebelum dan 6 bulan setelah intervensi.12 tahun) dengan ADB Hasil. Setelah 6 bulan, 110 anak mengikuti penelitian sampai akhir. Sebelum didapat intervensii 14 anak dengan skor T total >60. Seluruhnya memiliki skor T>60 untuk masalah sosial dan 12 di antaranya memiliki skor T>60 untuk masalah perhatian. Setelah intervensi, enam diantara anak tersebut memiliki skor T total<60 Empat di antaranya mendapatkan terapi besi. Tidak ada perbedaan skor CBCL yang bermakna antara kelompok besi dengan plasebo. Penurunan skor T eksternalisasi, skor T total dan masalah perhatian yang bermakna secara statistik pada kelompok besi setelah dibandingkan sebelum intervensi dan tidak terjadi perubahan bermakna pada kelompok plaselbo. Kesimpulan. Pada kelompok terapi besi didapati penurunan skor T CBCL yang berarti setelah intervensi dibandingkan sebelumnya dalam masalah skor total dan attention problem.