Pengaruh Temperatur dan Jumlah Pembakaran Porselen Opak Terhadap Kekuatan Lekat Gigi Tiruan Cekat Keramik-Logam

Abstract

Metal-ceramic Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) are still most widely used in the last decade. A mechanical failure as loss of ceramic from the metal when the FPD was received a mastication force such as in compressive, tensile and shear force, is often occur. So that, the bond strength between metal and ceramic materials is very important for the clinical success of restoration. There are some factors which can affect the bond strength of metal-ceramic, either in clinical factors such as restoration’s design, or laboratory factors such as type of metal, metal surface treatment, application technique and firing process of porcelain. Porcelain’s firing process including time, temperature, firing amount, and atmospheric pressure. This study aims to determine the influence of temperature and firing amount of opaque porcelain in the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. This research is an experimental laboratory. Manufacture of metal-ceramic samples included 30 samples which were done in the Laboratory of Dental Unit Test FKG USU. Metal-ceramic samples were divided into six groups, which consist of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with firing amount of opaque porcelain in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times. Measurement of the bond strength values was done by using three point bending instrument on a universal testing machine. Effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of metalceramic FPD were analyzed by T-test. Influence of opaque porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Differences between effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by LSD test. Results showed that there was the influence of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 °C and 975 °C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of opaque porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950 ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of opaque porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 975 ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was differences in effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 °C and 975 °C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. The highest mean value of the bond strength was the opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (45.04 ± 2.30). Statistically showed that the most significant value of the bond strength was the opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (p = 0.027). Opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times is recommended as a guide to manufacture of metal-ceramic FPD to produce optimal bond strength of metal- ceramic, in order to obtain long-term clinical success in metal-ceramic FPD.

Gigi Tiruan Cekat (GTC) keramik-logam merupakan jenis gigi tiruan yang paling banyak digunakan dalam dekade terakhir. Kegagalan mekanis berupa lepasnya keramik dari logam saat GTC menerima gaya pengunyahan dalam bentuk tekanan, tarikan dan gaya geser, sangat umum terjadi, karena itu ikatan yang kuat antara bahan keramik dan logam sangat penting untuk keberhasilan klinis restorasi. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan lekat keramik-logam, antara lain faktor di klinik, yaitu desain restorasi dan faktor-faktor dilaboratorium, yaitu jenis logam, surface treatment logam, teknik aplikasi dan proses pembakaran porselen. Proses pembakaran porselen, termasuk waktu, temperatur, jumlah pembakaran, dan tekanan atmosfer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Pembuatan sampel keramik-logam berjumlah 30 sampel dilakukan di Unit Uji Laboratorium Dental FKG USU. Kelompok sampel keramik-logam dibagi atas enam kelompok, yang terdiri dari temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali. Pengukuran nilai kekuatan lekat dilakukan dengan alat three point bending pada universal testing machine. Pengaruh temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji T. Pengaruh jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Perbedaan pengaruh antara temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada perbedaan pengaruh temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali, terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Nilai rerata kekuatan lekat paling tinggi terdapat pada temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali (45,04 ± 2,30). Secara statistik memperlihatkan nilai kekuatan lekat yang paling signifikan terdapat pada temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali (p=0,027). Temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali direkomendasikan sebagai panduan pembuatan GTC keramiklogam untuk menghasilkan kekuatan lekat keramik-logam yang optimal, sehingga diperoleh keberhasilan klinis jangka panjang dalam penggunaan gigi tiruan cekat keramik-logam.