Perbandingan Kompleksitas Maloklusi Klas I, II, III pada Pasien di Klinik Ortodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan FKG USU dengan Menggunakan Metode Discrepancy Index

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances includes the treatment of malocclusion Class I, II, III. The success in the treatment of skeletal malocclusion is influenced by several factors and one of them is the malocclusion complexity. The American Board of Orthodontic issued an index to measure the malocclusion complexity by measuring the variables of overjet, overbite, anterior openbite, lateral crossbite, crowding, molar occlusion, lingual posterior x-bite, buccal posterior x-bite, ANB angle, SNGoGn angle, IMPA angle, and others. The measurement was carried out to the model study, panoramic photo, and sephalometric photo. The problems formulated in this study is the index of the malocclusion complexity of the patients treated in the Orthodontic Clinic RSGMP of faculty of dentistry, the University of Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this study with Discreapancy Index method is to measure and analyse the malocclusion complexity of patients treated in the Orthodontic Clinic RSGMP of faculty of dentistry, the University of Sumatera Utara.The method used in this study is Discreapancy Index method. The study was analitically conducted with cross-sectional approach at a certain time to describe the differences of the complexity found in the malocclusion Class I, II, and III. Based on study on 72 patients under treatment selected to be the samples for this study, it was found out that (79,2% ) of them were women and the result of this study shows that the score of malocclusion complexity Class I was DI:20 with the moderate complexity (44,8%). The influencing DI score variables of malocclusion were IMPA (3,62%), crowding (3,03), overjet (1,97), and others (1,93). The score of the complexity of malocclusion Class II was DI:28 with 61,1% of the cases at severe complexity. The dominant DI score variables of malocclusion II were IMPA (6,44), ANB (5,11), SNGoGn (3,11), and crowding (3,1). For malocclusion Class III, most of the cases (42,9%) were at the level of moderate and severe complexity with the score of DI:23. The influencing DI score variables of malocclusion were crowding (4,71), ANB (4,14), and others (4,29) as well as molar occlusion (2,00). Based on the conclusion of this study, it was found out that malocclusion complexity in the patients treated in the Orthodontic Clinic RSGMP of faculty of dentistry, the University of Sumatera Utara from 2006 to 2008 at 12 variables DI showed that most of the complexity DI:24,67. The complexity of malocclusion Class I was categorized into moderate. The complexity of malocclusion Class II was in severe complexity, and the complexity of malocclusion Class III was included into severe complexityy. It was found out at the 12 variables of DI were very significantly influencing. In the malocclusion Class I, complexity was greatly influenced by the variable of IMPA angle. In the malocclusion Class II complexity was dominated by the variable of IMPA angle, and in the malocclusion Class III the biggest variable of complexity was crowding.

Perawatan ortodonsia dengan alat cekat meliputi perawatan terhadap maloklusi Klas I, II, III. Keberhasilan perawatan terhadap maloklusi skeletal dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi. American Board of Orthodontic mengeluarkan suatu indeks pengukuran terhadap tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi dengan mengukur variabel overjet, overbite, anterior openbite, lateral crossbite, crowding, oklusi molar, lingual posterior x-bite, buccal posterior x-bite, sudut ANB, sudut SNGoGn, sudut IMPA, dan lain-lain. Pengukuran dilakukan pada model studi awal, foto panoramik, foto sefalometri. Dalam penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan masalah : bagaimana tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi pasien yang dirawat di Klinik Ortodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan FKG USU. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur dan menganalisis bagaimana kompleksitas maloklusi pada pasien di Klinik Ortodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan FKG USU. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Discreapancy Index. Penelitian dilakukan secara analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang sifatnya sesaat pada suatu waktu tertentu untuk menjelaskan perbedaan kompleksitas pada maloklusi Klas I, II, III. Hasil penelitian terhadap 72 sampel pasien yang dirawat diperoleh bahwa pasien yang dirawat lebih banyak perempuan (79,2%). Tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi Klas I memiliki skor DI : 20 dan kategori kompleksitas : sedang (44,8%). Nilai rerata variabel skor DI, maloklusi yang berpengaruh adalah : IMPA (3,62), crowding (3,03), overjet (1,97), dan lain-lain (1,93). Kompleksitas maloklusi Klas II memiliki skor DI : 28 dengan kasus 61,1% pada kategori kompleksitas tinggi. Nilai rerata variabel skor DI yang dominan pada maloklusi Klas II yaitu: IMPA (6,44), ANB (5,11), SNGoGn (3,11), crowding (3,1). Untuk maloklusi Klas III sebagian besar kasus (42,9%) berada di tingkat kompleksitas sedang dan tinggi dengan skor DI : 23. Variabel maloklusi skor DI yang berpengaruh yaitu : crowding (4,71), ANB (4,14), dan lain-lain (4,29) serta oklusi molar (2,00). Kesimpulan penelitian diperoleh tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi pada pasien di Klinik Ortodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan FKG USU periode Tahun 2006- 2008 pada 12 variabel DI menunjukkan sebagian besar tingkat kompleksitas masuk dalam kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata skor DI : 24,67. Kompleksitas maloklusi Klas I dikategorikan: sedang. Tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi Klas II berada dalam kategori: tinggi dan tingkat kompleksitas maloklusi Klas III termasuk : tinggi. Ditemukan bahwa ke 12 variabel DI sangat berpengaruh secara signifikan. Pada maloklusi Klas I kompleksitas sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabel sudut IMPA, maloklusi Klas II kompleksitas didominasi oleh variabel sudut IMPA dan pada maloklusi Klas III variabel kompleksitas terbesar adalah crowding.