Aktivitas Anti Diabetes Ekstrak Daun Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L) pada Mencit yang di induksi Streptozotocin

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by the deficiency of insulin production that functions in the utilization of glucose as the source of energy and fat synthesis so that the lack of insulin hormone will increases the blood glucose level. Traditionally, sweet potato leaves have been used for the treatment of diabetes, cancer, as antioxidant, hyperlipidemic, by natives in different regions and also to cure dengue fever. The objectives of this study were to analyze antidiabetic activity of n-hexane extract (NHE), ethylacetate extract (EAE), and ethanol extract (EE) of SPLs in streptozotocin-induced mice and to determine the extract of the highest activity. This study consisted of plant material procurement and extract preparation, phytochemical screening, mice blood glucose level examination, and data analysis. The experimental animals (n=25) were divided into 5 groups: control group treated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) suspension, positive control group treated with metformin suspension with a dose of 65 mg/kg bw, three test groups NHE, EAE, and EE of SPLs. Analysis of their antidiabetic activity was started by measuring glucose tolerance to identify the extract of the highest activity at varied dosages ( 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg bw) of this extract was examined on the streptozotocin-induced mice. Anova and Duncan tests were performed to test the significance of of these extracts, This study showed that NHE contained: water 1.99%; total ash 1.26%; acid-insoluble ash 0.24%; ethanol-soluble extract 36.49%; water-soluble extract 2.05%. Ethyl acetate extract contained: water 7.98%; total ash 1.59%; acid-insoluble ash 0.43%; ethanol-soluble extract 31.4%; water-soluble extract 4.43%. Ethanol extract contained: water 9.96%; total ash 1.44%; acid-insoluble ash 0.32%; ethanol-soluble extract 11.2%; water-soluble extract 41.61%. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of flavonoid, saponin, and tannin in EAE and EE of SPLs. The antidiabetic activity of extracts in deacreasing order laters their activity was EE, EAE, metformin, and NHE. Three-day treatment with EAE 200 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw gave the same effect as that of 65 mg/kg bw metformin. At the fifth day of treatment, all extracts at dosages showed exerted antidiabetic effect, except 0.5% CMC. At the fifteenth day of treatment, all extracts at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg bw exerted similar effects to those of metformin, except 0.5% CMC. Antidiabetict effect exerted by EE of SPLs 300 mg/kg bw was significantly different from that produced by EAE 100 mg/kg bw (Duncan test; α = 0.05).

Diabetes melitus (DM) disebabkan oleh kekurangan hormon insulin yang berfungsi memanfaatkan glukosa sebagai sumber energi dan sintesis lemak sehingga kekurangan hormon insulin dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar glukosa di dalam darah. Secara tradisional daun ubi jalar digunakan untuk obat kencing manis, penyakit kanker, antioksidan, hiperlipidemi dan juga sebagai obat demam berdarah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efek antidiabetes ekstrak n-heksana (ENH), ekstrak etilasetat (EEA) dan ekstrak etanol (EE) daun ubi jalar pada hewan percobaan mencit yang diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ) dan untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun ubi jalar yang mempunyai aktivitas anti diabetes paling besar. Penelitian meliputi penyiapan bahan, pembuatan ekstrak, karakterisasi ekstrak, penapisan fitokimia, pengujian aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak, pengukuran KGD mencit dan analisis data. Hewan percobaan (n=25) dibagi 5 grup: grup kontrol carboksimetilcelulosa (CMC) 0,5%, kontrol positif suspense metformin 65 mg/kg bb, tiga grup uji ENH, EEA, EE daun ubi jalar Uji aktivitas antidiabetes dimulai dengan tes toleransi gluksa untuk mengetahui ekstrak yang lebih berkhasiat. Ekstrak tersebut diuji aktivitas antidiabetes dengan menggunakan mencit yang diinduksi STZ dibagi tiga variasi dosis 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bb. Data dianalisis secara ANAVA dan beda rata-rata Duncan. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukan ENH: kadar air 1,99%; abu total 1,26%; abu tidak larut asam 0,24%; sari larut etanol 36, 49%; sari larut air 2,05%. EAE: kadar air 7,98%; abu total 1,59%; abu tidak larut asam 0,43%; sari larut etanol 31,4%; sari larut air 4,43%; EE: kadar air 9,96%; abu total 1,44%; abu tidak larut asam 0,32%, sari larut etanol 11,2%; sari larut air 41,61%. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin pada EAE, EE daun ubi jalar. Penurunan KGD mencit pada uji pendahuluan sebagai berikut EEDUJ> EEADUJ>metformin>EnHDUJ. Pada hari ke-3 efek antidiabetes EAE 200 mg/kg bb, EE 300 mg/kg bb sama dengan metformin 65 mg/kg bb, EE 200 mg/kg bb sudah timbul efek. Pada hari ke-5 semua sudah menunjukkan efek kecuali CMC 0,5%. Pada hari ke-15 semua perlakuan EEDUJ (100, 200, 300) mg/kg bb, EEADUJ (100, 200, 300) mg/kg bb memberi efek. EEDUJ 300 mg/kg bb dan EEADUJ 100 mg/kg bb berbeda nyata berdasarkan uji beda rata-rata Duncan (α = 0,05).