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    Optimasi Hidrolisis Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menjadi Selulosa Mikrokristal dan Aplikasi sebagai Pengisi pada Komposit Polimer Termoplastik Pati Singkong

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    Date
    2014
    Author
    Hairani, Novie
    Advisor(s)
    Harahap, Hamidah
    Herawan, Tjahjono
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    Abstract
    This study included 2 phases, that were optimization of hydrolysis conditions of oil palm empty fruit bunches cellulose into microcrystalline cellulose and their application in cassava starch thermoplastic composite. Response surface method with the help of minitab 16 statistical software was used for obtaining hydrolysis optimum condition of oil palm empty fruit bunches cellulose. Degree of crystallinity of microcrystalline cellulose was a response parameter in optimization and hydrolysis optimum condition was determined to be 2,16 N HCl, at 110,1°C for 180,7 minutes. Morphology, degree of crystallinity and spectrum of microcrystalline cellulose that was obtained in optimum condition were investigated, at which particles with a size range 15 – 75 μm, rough surface and degree of crystallinity of 80,9487% were produced. Cassava starch thermoplastic composites subsequently were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Effect of microcrystalline cellulose and glycerol loading on cassava starch composite properties was investigated such as mechanical properties, water absorption, morphology and FTIR spectrum. Increasing of microcrystalline cellulose content up to 10% enhanced tensile strength and elastic modulus while lowered elongation at break and water absorption. However, increasing of glycerol content produced opposite effects. Effects on mechanical properties of composite were also explained by intermolecular interaction that shown in morphology and spectrum of composite. Thermal aging was performed on cassava starch composite at 70°C for 7 days for obtaining long-term behaviour of plastic. Tensile test results showed that thermal aging enhanced tensile strength of composite, but decreased by microcrystalline cellulose and glycerol loading in composite.
     
    Penelitian ini meliputi 2 tahapan proses, yaitu optimasi kondisi proses hidrolisis selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi selulosa mikrokristal dan aplikasi selulosa mikrokristal yang diperoleh pada komposit termoplastik pati singkong. Metode response surface dengan bantuan minitab 16 statistical software digunakan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum proses hidrolisis selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Derajat kristalinitas selulosa mikrokristal yang dihasilkan merupakan parameter respon dalam optimasi dan diperoleh kondisi optimum hidrolisis yaitu pada konsentrasi HCl 2,16 N, suhu hidrolisis 110,1 °C dan waktu hidrolisis 180,7 menit. Morfologi, derajat kristalinitas dan spektra campuran selulosa mikrokristal yang dihasilkan pada kondisi optimum tersebut juga dianalisa, diperoleh partikel berukuran 15 – 75 μm dengan permukaan yang kasar dan derajat kristalinitas sebesar 80,9487%. Selanjutnya, komposit termoplastik pati singkong dibuat dengan menggunakan selulosa mikrokristal sebagai pengisi dan gliserol sebagai plastisiser. Pengaruh penambahan selulosa mikrokristal dan gliserol pada komposit pati singkong dianalisa meliputi sifat mekanik, daya serap air, morfologi dan spektra FTIR. Peningkatan kandungan selulosa mikrokristal hingga 10% meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan modulus elastisitas serta menurunkan elongation at break dan daya serap air. Namun, peningkatan kandungan gliserol memberikan pengaruh yang berlawanan. Pengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik komposit juga diperjelas dengan interaksi antarmolekul yang terlihat pada morfologi dan spektra komposit. Untuk memperoleh sifat jangka panjang plastik, perlakuan termal aging pada suhu 70°C selama 7 hari dilakukan terhadap komposit pati singkong. Hasil analisa uji tarik menunjukkan bahwa termal aging meningkatkan kekuatan tarik komposit, tetapi menurun dengan penambahan selulosa mikrokristal dan gliserol pada komposit.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/38412
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV